How vulnerable is the developing testis to the external environment?

Hughes, Paul

doi:10.1136/adc.83.4.281

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…However, most of the evidence is circumstantial, and at least one author [48] has suggested that a direct proof of such effects remains "untestable" in the context of evidence-based medicine. The reasons for this are largely due to the uniqueness of the human situation.…”

Section: Conclusion and Consequencesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lifestyle impact and the biology of the human scrotum

Ivell

2007

Reprod Biol Endocrinol

132

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The possession of a scrotum to contain the male gonads is a characteristic feature of almost all mammals, and appears to have evolved to allow the testes and epididymis to be exposed to a temperature a few degrees below that of core body temperature. Analysis of cryptorchid patients, and those with varicocele suggest that mild scrotal warming can be detrimental to sperm production, partly by effects on the stem cell population, and partly by effects on later stages of spermatogenesis and sperm maturation. Recent studies on the effects of clothing and lifestyle emphasize that these can also lead to chronically elevated scrotal temperatures. In particular, the wearing of nappies by infants is a cause for concern in this regard. Together all of the evidence indirectly supports the view that lifestyle factors in addition to other genetic and environmental influences could be contributing to the secular trend in declining male reproductive parameters. The challenge will be to provide relevant and targeted experimental results to support or refute the currently circumstantial evidence.

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Section: Conclusion and Consequencesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lifestyle impact and the biology of the human scrotum

Ivell

2007

Reprod Biol Endocrinol

132

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“…In particular, it is unclear how much of an increase in scrotal temperature is needed to cause a decline in fertility. An editorial (Hughes, 2000) that appears in the same issue as the study by Partsch et al provides an excellent discussion of the nature of the link between these measurements.…”

Section: Is There a Clear Link To A Measurement Of Direct Interest Tomentioning

confidence: 99%

Interpreting Positive Studies

SIMON

2001

Journal of Andrology

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“…"Sexual differentiation in males follows complex interconnected pathways during embryo and fetal development that has been reviewed extensively elsewhere (Capel, 2000;Hughes, 2000a;2000b;Brennan and Capel, 2004) Critical to the development of male mammals is the development of the testis in embryonic life from a bipotential gonad (a tissue that could develop into a testis or an ovary). The "selection" is genetically controlled in most mammals by a gene on the Y chromosome.…”

Section: Male Sexual Differentiation In Mammalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phthalates

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isononyl) phthalate (also, CNP, MCNP) cx-MINP mono(carboxy-isooctyl) phthalate (also COP, MCOP) DBP dibutyl phthalate DCHP dicyclohexyl phthalate DEHA di(2-ethylhexyl) adipate DEHP di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate DEHT di(2-ethylhexyl) terephthalate DEP diethyl phthalate DHEPP di-n-heptyl phthalate DHEXP di-n-hexyl phthalate DHT dihydrotestosterone DI daily intake DIBP diisobutyl phthalate DIDP diisodecyl phthalate DIHEPP diisoheptyl phthalate DIHEXP diisohexyl phthalate * List applies to main report and all appendices. * CPSIA §108(b)(2)(C).

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How vulnerable is the developing testis to the external environment?

Cited by 5 publications

References 36 publications

Lifestyle impact and the biology of the human scrotum

Lifestyle impact and the biology of the human scrotum

Interpreting Positive Studies

Phthalates

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