How Visual Stimuli Evoked P300 is Transforming the Brain–Computer Interface Landscape: A PRISMA Compliant Systematic Review

Abstract

Non-invasive Visual Stimuli evoked-EEGbased P300 BCIs have gained immense attention in recent years due to their ability to help patients with disability using BCI-controlled assistive devices and applications. In addition to the medical field, P300 BCI has applications in entertainment, robotics, and education. The current article systematically reviews 147 articles that were published between 2006-2021*. Articles that pass the pre-defined criteria are included in the study. Further, classification based on their primary focus, including article orientation, participants' age groups, tasks given, databases, the EEG devices used in the studies, classification models, and application domain, is performed. The application-based classification considers a vast horizon, including medical assessment, assistance, diagnosis, applications, robotics, entertainment, etc. The analysis highlights an increasing potential for P300 detection using visual stimuli as a prominent and legitimate research area and demonstrates a significant growth in the research interest in the field of BCI spellers utilizing P300. This expansion was largely driven by the spread of wireless EEG devices, advances in computational intelligence methods, machine learning, neural networks and deep learning.

Application and Development of EEG Acquisition and Feedback Technology: A Review

“…Preprocessing circuits generally comprise several main modules, including amplifiers, filters, and reference electrodes. Amplifiers are responsible for increasing the amplitude of EEG signals, making them easier to record [14]. Filters are used to eliminate noise and artifacts from the signals while preserving the main frequency components of the EEG signals.…”

“…With the advancement of neuroscience, computer technology, and signal processing, EEG acquisition technology has undergone extensive research and application over the past few decades [14,15]. For instance, the Neuroscan EEG system is the most advanced and widely used in the industry One of the EEG acquisition devices [12].…”

Freeing P300-Based Brain-Computer Interfaces from Daily Calibration by Extracting Daily Common ERPs

“…The present study focuses on reactive BCIs using electroencephalography (EEG), and specifically those based on event-related potentials (ERPs). One of the most popular ERP components used for BCIs is the P300 component [4], which is generated by the oddball paradigm of stimulus presentation [5]. The P300-based BCI system has been extensively developed so far and applied to assist the living of clinical populations such as patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) [6][7][8].…”