How useful is intraoperative cone beam computed tomography in maxillofacial surgery? An overview of the current literature

Surgical treatment of fractures of the zygomaticomaxillary complex: effect of fixation on repositioning and stability. A systematic review

“…35,37,38,39,40 The introduction of intra operative 3D imaging has changed the treatment concepts for managing ZMC fractures. 41,42 The adequacy of reduction can be addressed by intraoperative imaging instead of additional surgical exposure. 41,42 Thereby more surgical approaches can be avoided and hence, potentially, reduce the amount of complications.…”

“…41,42 The adequacy of reduction can be addressed by intraoperative imaging instead of additional surgical exposure. 41,42 Thereby more surgical approaches can be avoided and hence, potentially, reduce the amount of complications. 12,13,14,35,41,42 Stability can be assessed by comparing the intra-operative scan with the postoperative images through time.…”

“…41,42 Thereby more surgical approaches can be avoided and hence, potentially, reduce the amount of complications. 12,13,14,35,41,42 Stability can be assessed by comparing the intra-operative scan with the postoperative images through time. Intra-operative CBCT will not help with the long-term stability but is necessary to assess stability through time.…”

Implications of Applying New Technology in Cosmetic and Reconstructive Facial Plastic Surgery

“…Immediate revision rates based on intraoperative imaging have been reported to be 15 to 31% and tend to be highest in orbital, zygomaticomaxillary, and naso-orbito-ethmoidal repairs. [27][28][29] Postoperative outcomes such as diplopia following orbital reconstruction and need for revision surgery have been shown to be significantly improved by the use of intraoperative CT. [29][30][31] Interestingly, in the repair of isolated unilateral zygomaticomaxillary complex fractures, intraoperative CT has even been found to facilitate repair such that malar symmetry in repaired patients is no different than in patients with no trauma history. 32 The safety of intraoperative CT has also improved in recent years, as advances in imaging modalities such as improved resolution of cone beam CT have enabled detailed intraoperative imaging with reductions in radiation dose, minimal increases in operative time, and subsequent exposure to general anesthetic.…”

“…32 The safety of intraoperative CT has also improved in recent years, as advances in imaging modalities such as improved resolution of cone beam CT have enabled detailed intraoperative imaging with reductions in radiation dose, minimal increases in operative time, and subsequent exposure to general anesthetic. 28,29…”