“…The literature on the marginalisation of adult education and CPE within universities is extensive (see for example Clark 1958, Votruba 1987, Donaldson 1991, Forster et al 1991, Murphy and Fleming 2000, Findsen 2001, Peterson 2001, Duke 2008a, Fleming 2008, Bowl 2010. A significant strand of literature has regarded the position of CPE at the university edges as disempowering or as making units vulnerable to shifts in power (see for example Clark 1956a, Freedman 1987, Findsen 2001, Cheung and Pyvis 2006, Nesbit 2008). Nesbit, for example, argues this marginalised position creates too much dependency on strong leadership and emphasises personal rather than organisational ties between unit and institution, which results in a tendency for reactive decisionmaking and an aversion to risk (Nesbit 2008: 31).…”