How U.S. Adults Find Out About Electronic Cigarettes: Implications for Public Health Messages

Pepper, Jessica K.; Emery, Sherry; Ribisl, Kurt M.; Brewer, Noel T.

doi:10.1093/ntr/ntu060

Cited by 64 publications

(67 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…The battery power is used to heat a small amount of liquid formulation; upon cooling, an aerosol forms that is constituted by fine liquid droplets termed vapors (American Industrial Hygiene Association, 2014;Fuoco et al, 2014). Awareness of e-cigarettes has increased greatly in recent years (Pepper et al, 2014) together with the number of studies conducted on different aspects of e-cigarettes such as design and modeling, liquid formulation chemistry, aerosol chemistry and physics.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A scattering methodology for droplet sizing of e-cigarette aerosols

Pratte

Cosandey

Goujon-Ginglinger

2016

Inhalation Toxicology

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Context: Knowledge of the droplet size distribution of inhalable aerosols is important to predict aerosol deposition yield at various respiratory tract locations in human. Optical methodologies are usually preferred over the multi-stage cascade impactor for high-throughput measurements of aerosol particle/droplet size distributions. Objective: Evaluate the Laser Aerosol Spectrometer technology based on Polystyrene Sphere Latex (PSL) calibration curve applied for the experimental determination of droplet size distributions in the diameter range typical of commercial e-cigarette aerosols (147-1361 nm). Materials and methods: This calibration procedure was tested for a TSI Laser Aerosol Spectrometer (LAS) operating at a wavelength of 633 nm and assessed against model diethyl-hexyl-sebacat (DEHS) droplets and e-cigarette aerosols. The PSL size response was measured, and intra-and between-day standard deviations calculated. Results: DEHS droplet sizes were underestimated by 15-20% by the LAS when the PSL calibration curve was used; however, the intra-and between-day relative standard deviations were 53%. This bias is attributed to the fact that the index of refraction of PSL calibrated particles is different in comparison to test aerosols. This 15-20% does not include the droplet evaporation component, which may reduce droplet size prior a measurement is performed. Aerosol concentration was measured accurately with a maximum uncertainty of 20%. Count median diameters and mass median aerodynamic diameters of selected e-cigarette aerosols ranged from 130-191 nm to 225-293 nm, respectively, similar to published values. Discussion and conclusion: The LAS instrument can be used to measure e-cigarette aerosol droplet size distributions with a bias underestimating the expected value by 15-20% when using a precise PSL calibration curve. Controlled variability of DEHS size measurements can be achieved with the LAS system; however, this method can only be applied to test aerosols having a refractive index close to that of PSL particles used for calibration.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A scattering methodology for droplet sizing of e-cigarette aerosols

Pratte

Cosandey

Goujon-Ginglinger

2016

Inhalation Toxicology

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“…20 Awareness of e-cigarettes among US adults is more than 80%, but current smokers were more aware of where e-cigarettes were advertised than those who never smoked. 18,19,21 Marketing practices may affect which groups use e-cigarettes and influence vaping social norms or diminish attitudes toward nicotine. 12,13,22,23 The Internet is the major channel for e-cigarette marketing and the focus of e-cigarette marketing research.…”

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confidence: 99%

Marketing Practices of Vapor Store Owners

2015

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Objectives. We examined the marketing strategies for local vapor stores in a large metropolitan area in Oklahoma. Methods. Vapor store owners or managers (n = 33) participated in individual interviews regarding marketing practices in 2014. We asked owners about their marketing strategies and the groups they targeted. We transcribed the interviews and analyzed them for themes. Results. Store owners used a variety of marketing strategies to bring new customers to their stores and keep current customers coming back. These marketing strategies showed many parallels to tobacco industry strategies. Most owners engaged in some form of traditional marketing practices (e.g., print media), but only a few used radio or television advertising because of budget constraints. Owners used social media and other forms of electronic communication, pricing discounts and specials, and loyalty programs. Owners also had booths at local events, sponsored community events, and hosted them in their stores. Owners attempted to target different groups of users, such as college students and long-term smokers. Conclusions. Local vapor store marketing practices closely resemble current and former tobacco industry marketing strategies. Surveillance of marketing practices should include local and Web-based strategies.

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“…Differences in overall awareness in groups may be due to several factors, including friends and family who smoke and exposure to outlets selling e-cigarettes, which tend to cluster in high income neighborhoods with fewer ethnic minorities. 9 Marketing is used by the tobacco industry to influence consumer demand for products, and as such, there is the potential for marketing to influence smoking behaviors. 1,16,17 E-cigarette marketing is crucial for manufacturing companies, as these products are unfamiliar to the potential user and many appear similar to the point that branding is necessary for differentiation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…9 Smokers of e-cigarettes in the general population report experimentation and smoking cessation as reasons for use. 10,11 Nevertheless, there remains a lack of data regarding the epidemiology and use of e-cigarettes among Spanish-speaking and immigrant populations.…”

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confidence: 99%

Exposure to and Use of Electronic Cigarettes: Does Language Matter?

Wada

Lam²,

Burner³

et al. 2017

Ethn Dis

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Objectives: To determine whether patients who are English proficient become aware of e-cigarettes through different marketing tactics and have dissimilar patterns of use than patients who are non-English speaking.Design: This was a cross-sectional study surveying adult English- and Spanish-speaking patients. ANOVA and chi-squared tests were used to examine differences between groups.Setting: A large public, safety-net hospital in Los Angeles County, California.Results: Respondents (N=1899) were predominately Hispanic (78%), foreign-born (68%), and reported Spanish as a primary language (64%). Native English speakers reported the highest use of e-cigarettes (26%), followed by non-native (13%) and non- English speakers (2%) (P<.001). In terms of marketing, native and non-native English speakers were more likely to have friends and family as sources of e-cigarette information (P<.001). Native speakers were more likely to see advertisements for e-cigarettes on storefronts (P=.004) and on billboards (P<.001). Non-English speakers were most likely to learn about e-cigarettes on the news (P<.001) and in advertisements on the television and radio (P=.002). Differences in reasons for use were not significant between the three groups.Conclusions: Native and non-native English speakers become aware of e-cigarettes through different mechanisms and use e-cigarettes at a significantly higher rate than non-English speakers. These results highlight an opportunity for public health programs to concentrate on specific channels of communication that introduce patient populations to e-cigarettes to slow the spread of e-cigarette usage.Ethn Dis. 2017;27(3):217- 222; doi:10.18865/ed.27.3.217

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How U.S. Adults Find Out About Electronic Cigarettes: Implications for Public Health Messages

Abstract: introduction: Electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) are battery-powered nicotine delivery systems that have become increasingly popular in the United States. We sought to understand how U.S. adults hear about e-cigarettes.

Cited by 64 publications

References 17 publications

A scattering methodology for droplet sizing of e-cigarette aerosols

A scattering methodology for droplet sizing of e-cigarette aerosols

Marketing Practices of Vapor Store Owners

Exposure to and Use of Electronic Cigarettes: Does Language Matter?

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