2017
DOI: 10.1136/archdischild-2016-312378
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How to use…the direct ophthalmoscope

Abstract: Ophthalmoscopy and red reflex examination are core medical skills required to identify sight-threatening and life-threatening disease. We discuss the predictive utility and limitations of findings with an ophthalmoscope and tips as to how to optimise these. We outline important considerations in three clinical scenarios: an abnormal red reflex, an abnormal optic disc and retinal haemorrhages in the context of child protection concerns.

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Cited by 5 publications
(7 citation statements)
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References 16 publications
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“…A normal RRT consists of symmetrical bright red reflexes of both eyes, indicating that the ocular media (cornea, aqueous humor, lens, vitreous body) are transparent. A reduced or absent red reflex indicates an obstacle to the anatomical path to and from the retina (Table 4 )[ 12 ].…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
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“…A normal RRT consists of symmetrical bright red reflexes of both eyes, indicating that the ocular media (cornea, aqueous humor, lens, vitreous body) are transparent. A reduced or absent red reflex indicates an obstacle to the anatomical path to and from the retina (Table 4 )[ 12 ].…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Therefore, many variations among different racial or ethnic groups may be observed. Thus, examination of the parents would set the normal baseline[ 4 , 12 ].…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
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