“…The standard procedure used in a 115 It is accepted that standard HF medications such as ß-blockers, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACE-I), and/or angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) need not be held. [116][117][118][119] However, it is recommended to temporarily discontinue medications and substances known to interfere directly with the mechanisms of NE uptake and granule storage, such as opioids, cocaine, tramadol, tricyclic antidepressants sypathomimetrics, some antihypertensive and cardiovascular agents, and antipsychotics (see detail in Table 7). 118 In addition, foods containing vanillin and catecholamine-like compounds (e.g., chocolate and blue cheese) should be stopped.…”