How to use biogas?: A systematic review of biogas utilization pathways and business models

Mertins, Anica; Wawer, Tim

doi:10.1186/s40643-022-00545-z

Cited by 22 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 99 publications

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“…One promising potential application of the PHLM technology under development is the pyrolysis of biogas, also known as Dry Reforming of Biogas. Currently, 90 % of biogas is mainly used to produce heat and electricity [16]. This is done by burning the biogas in combustion systems such as boilers, turbines and fuel cells.…”

Section: Biogasmentioning

confidence: 99%

Technology Development for the Pyrolysis of Hydrocarbons in Liquid Metal

Stoppel,

Dietrich,

Duran

et al. 2023

Chemie Ingenieur Technik

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This article describes the development of a new technology based on the application of liquid metal and aims to produce hydrogen by decarbonization (pyrolysis process) of both natural and artificially synthesized hydrocarbons. When biogas with a sufficiently high carbon dioxide content is used as a feedstock, or by the targeted addition of CO2 to methane, a mixture of hydrogen and carbon monoxide (synthesis gas) can be produced. Furthermore, the paper describes another very interesting application of the technology to create negative emissions. In this scenario, the processes direct air capture, methanation, electrolysis and methane pyrolysis are combined to synthesize solid carbon from atmospheric CO2. The broad range of process options investigated indicates that, when the technology is scaled up to industrial scale, the result will be a process that is flexible in both the use of reactants and the resulting products.

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Section: Biogasmentioning

confidence: 99%

Technology Development for the Pyrolysis of Hydrocarbons in Liquid Metal

Stoppel,

Dietrich,

Duran

et al. 2023

Chemie Ingenieur Technik

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“…The research on the economic dimensions of business models along the value chain for using hydrogen in transport is growing. Earlier studies have focused on techno-economic factors and how to achieve a profitable renewable hydrogen investment business case [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14]. There are case studies using European settings, e.g., [3,8,10,14] set on German market conditions, [4,12] in an Austrian context, [7] in Ireland, [9] in France and [2] in a Danish setting.…”

Section: Previous Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Earlier studies have focused on techno-economic factors and how to achieve a profitable renewable hydrogen investment business case [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14]. There are case studies using European settings, e.g., [3,8,10,14] set on German market conditions, [4,12] in an Austrian context, [7] in Ireland, [9] in France and [2] in a Danish setting. Other studies have a geographical scope outside of the EU e.g., [5] in Canada and [11] in China.…”

Section: Previous Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Business Model of an Emerging Hydrogen Market in the Swedish Transportation Sector – outlook towards 2050

Särnbratt,

Fransson,

Hansson

et al. 2023

ECS Trans.

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An improved understanding of the emerging business models for hydrogen applied in the transport sector is crucial to remove barriers for hydrogen uptake. The aim of this study is to create a characterisation of the current landscape for hydrogen road mobility in Sweden by mapping out the business model for hydrogen producers, hydrogen filling station owners and hydrogen vehicle manufacturers. This has been achieved by interviewing hydrogen market actors in the Swedish transport sector and through validation of the results in an expert elicitation. The main finding of the study is that the business model is still emerging and contains large uncertainties also about the viability of the business case. This is noticeable for example in the key partner section in the business model. Actors seek out partnerships and collaboration both horizontally and vertically along the hydrogen value chain, even with future competitors, to create a critical mass of supply and demand to enable the hydrogen market to take off. Additional value propositions and revenue streams, such as support services to the electrical grid and utilisation of residual products (excess heat and oxygen), are secondary in the business model today.

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“…3 Decreases to 276.1 • C with the increase in the SOFC's area. 4 Decreases to 256.1 • C with the increase in the SOFC's area. 5 Water/steam mixture of biogas production.…”

mentioning

confidence: 94%

“…The EU's biogas production doubled between 2008 and 2016, and despite slowing down since (increased by just 3% from 2016 to 2019), an additional doubling until 2030 is foreseen [2,3]. About 90% of the biogas production is used for power and heat cogeneration Energies 2023, 16, 404 2 of 30 (CHP), although biogas upgrading to bio-methane for transportation fuel or injection to the natural gas networks is gaining an increasing share [4]. Biogas-CHP mostly refers to decentralized plants, in which the produced biogas is cleaned and directly fed to on-site ICEs, of 30-40% electrical efficiency [4][5][6][7][8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Economic Feasibility of Power/Heat Cogeneration by Biogas–Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC) Integrated Systems

et al. 2022

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Based upon the thermodynamic simulation of a biogas-SOFC integrated process and the costing of its elements, the present work examines the economic feasibility of biogas-SOFCs for combined heat and power (CHP) generation, by the comparison of their economic performance against the conventional biogas-CHP with internal combustion engines (ICEs), under the same assumptions. As well as the issues of process scale and an SOFC’s cost, examined in the literature, the study brings up the determinative effects of: (i) the employed SOFC size, with respect to its operational point, as well as (ii) the feasibility criterion, on the feasibility assessment. Two plant capacities were examined (250 m3·h−1 and 750 m3·h−1 biogas production), and their feasibilities were assessed by the Internal Rate of Return (IRR), the Net Present Value (NPV) and the Pay Back Time (PBT) criteria. For SOFC costs at 1100 and 2000 EUR·kWel−1, foreseen in 2035 and 2030, respectively, SOFCs were found to increase investment (by 2.5–4.5 times, depending upon a plant’s capacity and the SOFC’s size) and power generation (by 13–57%, depending upon the SOFC’s size), the latter increasing revenues. SOFC-CHP exhibits considerably lower IRRs (5.3–13.4% for the small and 16.8–25.3% for the larger plant), compared to ICE-CHP (34.4%). Nonetheless, according to NPV that does not evaluate profitability as a return on investment, small scale biogas-SOFCs (NPVmax: EUR 3.07 M) can compete with biogas-ICE (NPV: EUR 3.42 M), for SOFCs sized to operate at 70% of the maximum power density (MPD) and with a SOFC cost of 1100 EUR·kWel−1, whereas for larger plants, SOFC-CHP can lead to considerably higher NPVs (EUR 12.5–21.0 M) compared to biogas-ICE (EUR 9.3 M). Nonetheless, PBTs are higher for SOFC-CHP (7.7–11.1 yr and 4.2–5.7 yr for the small and the large plant, respectively, compared to 2.3 yr and 3.1 yr for biogas-ICE) because the criterion suppresses the effect of SOFC-CHP-increased revenues to a time period shorter than the plant’s lifetime. Finally, the economics of SOFC-CHP are optimized for SOFCs sized to operate at 70–82.5% of their MPD, depending upon the SOFC cost and the feasibility criterion. Overall, the choice of the feasibility criterion and the size of the employed SOFC can drastically affect the economic evaluation of SOFC-CHP, whereas the feasibility criterion also determines the economically optimum size of the employed SOFC.

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How to use biogas?: A systematic review of biogas utilization pathways and business models

Cited by 22 publications

References 99 publications

Technology Development for the Pyrolysis of Hydrocarbons in Liquid Metal

Technology Development for the Pyrolysis of Hydrocarbons in Liquid Metal

The Business Model of an Emerging Hydrogen Market in the Swedish Transportation Sector – outlook towards 2050

Economic Feasibility of Power/Heat Cogeneration by Biogas–Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC) Integrated Systems

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