How to use and compare interpolation schemes in Fused Deposition Modeling

Dorado-Vicente, R.; Medina-Sánchez, G.; Carou, Diego; Pérez, Mercedes López

doi:10.1016/j.promfg.2019.09.018

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…We used Marlin 1.1, supporting not only G2/3 (circular arc) but also G5 (Bézier cubic) commands. However, by default, these commands may not be activated, but this is fixed by editing the configuration files in the following way (Dorado-Vicente et al , 2019): If an editable version of the firmware provided by the printer’s manufacturer is available, in the file Configuration_adv.h , then simply check out that the following lines are activated by removing the comment tag (double forward slash) if necessary: …”

Section: Implementation In Commercial Firmware and Experimental Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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G-code generation in a NURBS workflow for precise additive manufacturing

Chacón

Sánchez-Reyes²,

Vallejo³

et al. 2022

RPJ

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Purpose Non-uniform rational B-splines (NURBSs) are the de facto standard for representing objects in computer-aided design (CAD). The purpose of this paper is to discuss how to stick to this standard in all phases of the additive manufacturing (AM) workflow, from the CAD object to the final G-code, bypassing unnecessary polygonal approximations. Design/methodology/approach The authors use a commercial CAD system (Rhino3D along with its programming environment Grasshopper) for direct slicing of the model, offset generation and trimming. Circular arcs are represented as quadratic NURBSs and free-form geometry as quadratic or cubic polynomial B-splines. Therefore, circular arcs are directly expressible as G2/G3 G-code commands, whereas free-form paths are rewritten as a succession of cubic Bézier curves, thereby admitting exact translation into G5 commands, available in firmware for AM controllers, such as Marlin. Findings Experimental results of this paper confirm a considerable improvement in quality over the standard AM workflow, consisting of an initial polygonization of the object (e.g. via standard tessellation language), slicing this polygonal approximation, offsetting the polygonal sections and, finally, generating G-code made up of polyline trajectories (G1 commands). Originality/value A streamlined AM workflow is obtained, with a seamless transfer from the initial CAD description to the final G-code. By adhering to the NURBS standard at all steps, the authors avoid multiple representations and associated errors resulting from approximations.

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Section: Implementation In Commercial Firmware and Experimental Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Implementation In Commercial Firmwarementioning

confidence: 99%

G-code generation in a NURBS workflow for precise additive manufacturing

Chacón

Sánchez-Reyes²,

Vallejo³

et al. 2022

RPJ

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…The analysis may improve the rigidity of the product while lowering its weight. Dorado-Vicente et al (2019) explains how the several head movement options (linear, circular and Bezier) compare in terms of fabrication speed analytically and empirically. This article examines the impact of tool path and tool speed on curved pathways in terms of dimensional change and aesthetic issues due to a lack of coordination between print and extrusion speeds.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Numerical investigations on mechanical properties of bio-inspired 3D printed geometries using multi-jet fusion process

Chand

Sharma

Trehan

et al. 2023

RPJ

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Purpose The purpose of this study is to find the best geometries among the cylindrical, enamel and honeycomb geometries based upon the mechanical properties (tensile test, compression test and shear test). Further this obtained geometry could be used to fabricate products like exoskeleton and its supporting members. Design/methodology/approach The present research focuses on the mechanical testing of cylindrical, enamel and honeycomb-shaped parts fabricated through multi-jet printing (MJP) process with a wall thickness of 0.26, 0.33, 0.4 and 0.66 mm. The polymer specimens (for tensile, compression and shear tests) were fabricated using a multi-jet fusion process. The experimental results were compared with the numerical modelling. Finally, the optimal geometry was obtained, and the influence of wall thicknesses on various mechanical properties (tensile, compression and shear) was studied. Findings In comparison to cylindrical, enamel structures the honeycomb structures required less time to fabricate and had lower tensile, compressive and shear strengths. The most efficient geometry for fully functional parts where tensile, compressive and shear forces are present during application – cylindrical geometry is preferred followed by enamel, and then honeycomb. It was found that as the wall thickness of various geometries was increased, their ability to withstand tensile, compressive and shear loads also enhanced. The enamel shape structure exhibits greater strain energy storage capacity than other shape structures for compressive loads, and the strength to resist the compressive load will be lower. In the case of cylindrical geometries for tensile loading, the resisting area toward the loading will be higher in comparison to honeycomb- and enamel-based structures. At the same time, the ability to store the stain energy is less. The results of the tensile, compression and shear load finite element analysis using ANSYS are in agreement with those of the experiments. Originality/value From the insight of literature review, it is found that a wide range of work is done on fused deposition modeling (FDM) process. But in comparison to FDM, the MJP provide the better dimensional accuracy and surface properties (Lee et al., 2020). Therefore, it is observed that past research works not incorporated the effect of wall thickness of the embedded geometries on mechanical properties of the part fabricated on MJP (Gibson, n.d.). Hence, in this work, effect of wall thickness on tensile, compression and shear strength is considered as the main factor for the honeycomb, enamel and cylindrical geometries.

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Experimental measuring of printing speed in FDM

Dorado

Pérez

Medina

et al. 2021

IOP Conf. Ser.: Mater. Sci. Eng.

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Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) technology, based on material extrusion, helps additively manufacture, using cheap printers, stable mechanical parts in different materials. The dimensional deviations and staircase effect are the main drawbacks of this approach and limit its use to prototypes. The linear interpolation used to define the hot-end movements is responsible for continuous speed changes along the tool-path, contributing to dimensional and surface errors. In that sense, the study of the speed profile can help to improve the process. This work explains two printing speed estimation approaches an out-process measurement method, which estimates the average speed as a function of the interpolation segment length and direction, and an in-process method based on encoder measurements. We applied these solutions and an analytical approximation based on a trapezoidal speed profile to a printed 3D Archimedean spiral. All approaches detect abrupt speed changes, potential candidates to produce extrusion-movement synchronization problems, and, therefore, part errors.

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How to use and compare interpolation schemes in Fused Deposition Modeling

Cited by 3 publications

References 5 publications

G-code generation in a NURBS workflow for precise additive manufacturing

G-code generation in a NURBS workflow for precise additive manufacturing

Numerical investigations on mechanical properties of bio-inspired 3D printed geometries using multi-jet fusion process

Experimental measuring of printing speed in FDM

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