How to take the edge off: Anesthetics for bovine practice

Abstract

Providing anesthesia and/or sedation to bovine patients im­proves animal welfare and makes the procedure better for all involved. Although there are no FDA-approved anesthetic drugs, they can be used under AMDUCA. The use of drug com­binations may improve the sedation and analgesia achieved. Additionally, the use of caudal epidural anesthesia is an easy-to-deploy tactic in the field.