How to reset an atom after a photon detection: Applications to photon-counting processes

Hegerfeldt, Gerhard C.

doi:10.1103/physreva.47.449

Cited by 155 publications

(277 citation statements)

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“…An early theoretical calculation concluded that the dipole-dipole interaction between adjacent atoms is irrelevant for quantum jumps within a 3-level-system under the usual experimental conditions where the Rabi frequency of the pump field is large compared to all other rates in the problem [8,9]. Those results have been confirmed by quantum Monte-Carlo calculations [10][11][12], [13]. In this paper we reconsider the problem of dipole-dipole interaction and investigate especially the correlations in the emissions of two neighboring atoms which are observed individually.…”

supporting

confidence: 72%

“…This is described by a non-hermitian 'conditional hamiltonian', including the atom laser interaction, which is found to be [10][11][12]17]…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Here r = |r 1 − r 2 | is the distance between the two atoms and θ nm the angle between d nm and r 1 − r The evolution of the state vector between two consecutive emissions is given by [10][11][12]17]…”

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confidence: 99%

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Monitoring the dipole-dipole interaction via quantum jumps of individual atoms

et al. 2001

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The emission characteristics in the fluorescence of two laserdriven dipole-dipole-interacting three level atoms is investigated. When the light from both atoms is detected separately a correlation of the emission processes is observed in dependence of the dipole-dipole interaction. This opens the possibility to investigate the dipole-dipole interaction through the emission behavior. We present Monte-Carlo simulations which are in good agreement with the analytic solutions.PACS numbers: 42.50. Fx, 42.50.Lc, 42.50.Ar The problem of the influence of a neighboring atom on atomic emission behavior [1][2][3][4] has been investigated since a very long time. Especially the problem of the correlation of the emission of two neighboring atoms has found quite some interest [5][6][7]. This is a complex issue and the answer is very much dependent on various system parameters such as the strength of the pumping field, the life times and the wavelengths of the different transitions involved. An early theoretical calculation concluded that the dipole-dipole interaction between adjacent atoms is irrelevant for quantum jumps within a 3-level-system under the usual experimental conditions where the Rabi frequency of the pump field is large compared to all other rates in the problem [8,9]. Those results have been confirmed by quantum Monte-Carlo calculations [10][11][12], [13]. In this paper we reconsider the problem of dipole-dipole interaction and investigate especially the correlations in the emissions of two neighboring atoms which are observed individually. The arrangement is shown schematically in Fig. 1. We consider 2 identical nearby atoms in a trap, each with levels |1 , |2 and |3 . One of the atoms (say atom 1) is initially prepared, e.g. by pulsed excitation [14], in a metastable state |2 . A resonant cw pump interacts with both atoms. The initial state of atom 1 is such that it can start interacting with the pump either due to decay to the state |3 by emission of a photon or via excitation to the state |1 as a result of the dipole-dipole interaction. In the second case atom 2 goes to the state |2 . In our analysis we assume that the level spacing |1 ↔ |2 is close enough, so that the dipole-dipole interaction is effective only on this transition. The transitions |1 ↔ |3 and |2 ↔ |3 are supposed to lie in the optical domain, where the distance between two atoms is assumed to be much larger than the wavelengths of the corresponding transitions. For example in In + the wavelength on the |1 ↔ |2 corresponds to 9.3µm which could be two to three times the distance between two trapped ions [15]. We further assume that the fluorescence from each atom can be resolved individually by two distinct detectors 1 and 2. In what follow let us work in the limitIn our prepared system, detector 1 will not detect any fluorescence while atom 2 is fluorescing on the |1 ↔ |3 transition until the dipole-dipole interaction on the transition |1 ↔ |2 brings atom 1 towards the cycling transition |1 ↔ |3 and atom 2 towards the metastable state |2 ...

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supporting

confidence: 72%

“…This is described by a non-hermitian 'conditional hamiltonian', including the atom laser interaction, which is found to be [10][11][12]17]…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Monitoring the dipole-dipole interaction via quantum jumps of individual atoms

et al. 2001

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“…1 and 2, including the possibility of several spontaneous emission cycles, the following 1D master equation must be examined [12,13,14]:…”

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confidence: 99%

“…In the quantum-jump approach, the master equation (2) is solved by averaging over "trajectories" with time intervals in which the wave function evolves with the conditional Hamiltonian interrupted by random jumps (decay events) [12]. Therefore the dynamics before the first spontaneous photon emission is described by a simple Schrödinger equation using the conditional Hamiltonian H 3L .…”

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confidence: 99%

Improvement by laser quenching of an ‘atom diode’: a one-way barrier for ultra-cold atoms

Ruschhaupt

Muga

Raizen

2006

J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys.

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Abstract. Different laser devices working as "atom diodes" or "one-way barriers" for ultra-cold atoms have been proposed recently. They transmit ground state level atoms coming from one side, say from the left, but reflect them when they come from the other side. We combine a previous model, consisting of the stimulated Raman adiabatic passage (STIRAP) from the ground to an excited state and a state-selective mirror potential, with a localized quenching laser which produces spontaneous decay back to the ground state. This avoids backwards motion, provides more control of the decay process and therefore a more compact and useful device.PACS numbers: 32.80. Pj, 42.50.Vk, Atom optics is devoted to the understanding and control of coherent atomic waves interacting with electromagnetic fields or material structures, and much of its current development is inspired by analogies with electronics and photonics. Many optical elements such as lenses, mirrors, splitters, or interferometers have been proposed and demonstrated [1,2]. Ultra-cold atoms can also be transported coherently along waveguides, and this opens up the possibility to develop atom circuits or chips [3,4,5]. To that end, basic circuit elements and operations have to be implemented; among them, an important one is the "diode" or "one-way barrier", which lets atoms, typically in the ground state, pass in one direction but blocks them in the opposite direction, within a "working" velocity range. Such a device may have a significant impact for trapping and cooling in waveguides or other geometries. In a series of recent papers [6,7,8,9], the present authors and coworkers have proposed and analyzed the properties of different laser devices and atom-level schemes which achieve on paper the goal of oneway transmission. The possibility to use them for phase-space compression in a cooling procedure complementary to the existing ones [7,8] is an exciting prospect that deserves

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