How to Optimise Cognitive Behaviour Therapy (CBT) for People with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD): A Delphi Study

Abstract

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Adapting services for autism: Recommendations from a specialist multidisciplinary perspective using freelisting

“…Research into the best ways to tailor therapeutic services for autistic people has been without consensus on the priority adaptations for practice (Ainsworth et al, 2020;Spain & Happé, 2020;Walters et al, 2016), notably, adaptations that could improve engagement with a range of therapeutic Salient items marked by * and in bold are considered to be consensus responses to the question interventions, for clients across the age range from childhood to adulthood have been missing from practice guidance. This study directly responded to best practice guidance by seeking advice from a specialist autism service in the UK by asking how the specialist service adapts practice for individuals with autism to provide appropriate, tailored care.…”

“…The current study gives more weight to the immediate and disruptive impacts of an inappropriate environment, with relevance to any therapeutic intervention or appointment. The modifications are an important addition to the literature in being specific and actionable (Spain & Happé, 2020).…”

“…Several of these modifications, for example building emotional understanding, were listed by participants but were lower in salience and therefore not considered a priority for full service design. These discrepancies are likely explained by the participant sample being a full multidisciplinary team, in contrast to a narrower focus on therapy practice (Spain & Happé, 2020).…”

“…Paradoxically, many autism-associated mental health vulnerability factors present as challenges to accessing and benefitting from therapy interventions (Lumley et al, 2007;Renaud et al, 2014;Spain & Happé, 2020). These challenges are not limited to the therapeutic process but extend to general aspects of many services, such as there being uncertainty and confusion at the point of service access, travel required to attend specialist services and in the increased demands on autistic clients to engage in novel and communicationfocused appointments (Cooper et al, 2018).…”

The Influence of Cinematherapy Against Academic Anxiety in Students

“…Cinematherapy is a therapy that can be used in dealing with students' academic anxiety problems, namely treatments derived from the Cognitive Behavior Therapy (CBT) approach, the CBT approach has been tested capable of understanding the nature of behavioral disorders, emotional events, and focus on the cognitive content of individual reactions (Alizadeh, Turkestani, Oohadi, & Rezveh, 2019). CBT is an insight-focused approach that emphasizes recognition and changing negative thoughts and maladaptive beliefs (Spain & Happé, 2019), testing and restructuring their core beliefs, helping to identify and challenge individual negative thought patterns (Sa'adah & Rahman, 2015).…”