How to measure the particle ignitability of forest species by TG and LOI

Liodakis, S.; Kakardakis, T.; Tzortzakou, S.; Tsapara, V.

doi:10.1016/j.tca.2008.08.003

Cited by 27 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Weise et al [47] revealed contradictory results regarding the flammability ranking of Cistus salviifolius and therefore could not classify it. Concerning the species in common with Dimitrakopoulos and Papaioannou [5] (A. unedo, C. salviifolius and P. lentiscus), Liodakis and Kakardakis [31,34], Liodakis et al [8] (A. unedo and P. lentiscus), the flammability classifications reported by these authors were in contrast with our outcomes. Dimitrakopoulos and Papaioannou [5] gave a flammability classification based only on TI without taking into account the flame characteristics.…”

Section: Fi Behaviour and Flammability Classificationcontrasting

confidence: 99%

“…Xanthopoulos and Wakimoto [38] pointed out that the minimum temperature required for ignition rose with increasing moisture content. Additionally, litter was considered as the most flammable forest fuel compared with other fresh samples of different species [8], which is in line with our outcomes where the highest values of FI corresponded to the driest samples (litter) as shown in Figure 3. Such low moisture contents are also associated with forests subjected to insect attacks or heat desiccation [36], especially in summer.…”

Section: Flammability Index Vs Moisture Contentsupporting

confidence: 89%

“…Therefore, this calls into question the relevance of a ranking neglecting the effect of FH, such as the one created by Dimitrakopoulos and Papaioannou [5]. Furthermore, the method of Liodakis et al [8] was to classify some forest fuels towards their ignitability using the relative limiting oxygen index and the thermogravimetric analysis, whereas the methods of Liodakis and Kakardakis [31,34] provided a flammability ranking of some species using analytical methods. These methods ranked P. lentiscus as less flammable than A. unedo.…”

Section: Fi Behaviour and Flammability Classificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Such fires are exacerbated by litter and shrub abundance, which are known for their propensity for recurrent fire besides the importance of fire for plant reproduction [3]. Reducing the fuel hazard requires a realistic flammability ranking of forest fuels [2,[4][5][6], which would result in the rigorous selection of fire-resistant species appropriate for afforestation as part of a forest fire management plan [2,4,[6][7][8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…FI combines the capability of fine fuels to ignite when given a heat source [12] to spread fire to the adjacent fuels and to sustain the combustion [14]. Ranking these species according to FI as well as integrating FI data into a fire behaviour prediction system in order to improve its accuracy and map the high-risk areas based on vegetation maps would help in forest fire management as these would facilitate the selection of the appropriate afforestation species for mitigating fuel hazards [7,8,17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Assessment of Flammability of Moroccan Forest Fuels: New Approach to Estimate the Flammability Index

Essaghi

Hachmi

Yessef

et al. 2017

Forests

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Abstract:A new flammability index (FI) was developed, which integrated two parameters that are highly correlated to fuel moisture content (MC). These parameters are time-to-ignition and flame height. The newly obtained FI-values belong to the variation interval of {0; 20}. In addition to the six flammability classes defined in the earlier work, a seventh class (FI > 16.5) was proposed to include fuel species with a high content of volatile flammable-compounds. Flammability testing and MC measurement were performed at a range of MC obtained through a drying process of samples. As a result, FI was statistically highly correlated with MC for all 13 Moroccan forest fuels tested in this study. Following this, linear regression equations were established to predict the FI-value as a function of MC. Therefore, the classification of flammability would depend on the species as well as the MC-value of the samples and the season in which they were collected.

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Section: Fi Behaviour and Flammability Classificationcontrasting

confidence: 99%

Section: Flammability Index Vs Moisture Contentsupporting

confidence: 89%

Section: Fi Behaviour and Flammability Classificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Assessment of Flammability of Moroccan Forest Fuels: New Approach to Estimate the Flammability Index

Essaghi

Hachmi

Yessef

et al. 2017

Forests

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Assessment of the impact of fire retardants on the combustion of natural polymers employing DTG and LOI

et al. 2014

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Summary Thermal analysis is widely used for the investigation of the thermal decomposition of polymeric/lignocellulosic materials. Differential thermogravimetry (DTG) curves have been used for the assessment of fire retardants employing a mathematical technique, based on the observation that the DTG profile peaks become less pronounced and are shifted to lower temperatures when a fire retardant is added. The efficiency of a fire retardant is proposed to be assessed from a formula comprising of the following: (i) the depth of the main peak; (ii) the main decomposition peak temperature; (iii) the temperature range of the DTG curve; and (iv) the area above the curve. Initially, four well‐known fire retardants have been assessed for their efficiency on a lignocellulosic matrix (Olea europaea). All the results deriving from the mathematical technique have been compared with the mass residue criterion and a limiting oxygen index test (Relative Limiting Oxygen Index). Both are commonly used as reliable tools for the assessment of a fire retardant. Secondly, the impact of fire retardant concentration on efficiency was investigated. In addition, using mathematical routines, an optimum concentration zone was proposed; further, an optimum concentration value (%) has been estimated. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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Early Holocene charcoal accumulations in the Aktun Ha cenote: Evidence of fire used by the first settlers of the Yucatán Peninsula, Mexico

et al. 2020

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An integrative methodology, including controlled heating experiments, petrography, taphonomy, systematics of charcoal fragments, solid-state 13 C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and 14 C dating, are used to discriminate in situ (anthropogenic) versus transported charcoal accumulations in the Ancestors Chamber at the Aktun Ha cenote and its potential relationship with the initial settlement of the Yucatán Peninsula in Mexico. Rock heating experiments demonstrated changes in color, weight loss, and recrystallization fabrics under temperatures from 200°C to 900°C. At temperatures of up to 600°C, calcite changed to portlandite. Taphonomic examination of the charcoal revealed that the fragments were not transported by water. Anatomical studies of the charcoal revealed the presence of species similar to modern examples used as fuel. The solid-state 13 C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy confirmed different aromatization degrees, and DSC provided information related to the hearth shape and combustion conditions throughout the thermal event. The 14 C ages determined

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How to measure the particle ignitability of forest species by TG and LOI

Cited by 27 publications

References 20 publications

Assessment of Flammability of Moroccan Forest Fuels: New Approach to Estimate the Flammability Index

Assessment of Flammability of Moroccan Forest Fuels: New Approach to Estimate the Flammability Index

Assessment of the impact of fire retardants on the combustion of natural polymers employing DTG and LOI

Early Holocene charcoal accumulations in the Aktun Ha cenote: Evidence of fire used by the first settlers of the Yucatán Peninsula, Mexico

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