How to measure the entropy of a mesoscopic system via thermoelectric transport

Kleeorin, Yaakov; Thierschmann, Holger; Buhmann, H.; Georges, Antoine; Molenkamp, Laurens W.; Meir, Yigal

doi:10.1038/s41467-019-13630-3

Cited by 57 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…This investigation has furthermore clarified how the second law arises from microscopic equations of motion that are timereversal symmetric [4,5,16,26] and how logical information should be taken into account in thermodynamic bookkeeping [12,13,. Experimental advances in controlling small systems have opened up the possibility of investigating stochastic thermodynamics in a variety of platforms including electronic systems [57][58][59][60][61][62][63][64][65][66][67][68][69][70][71][72][73][74], DNA molecules [75,76], photons [77], Brownian particles [78,79], and ultracold atoms [80]. Extensions to the quantum regime [81], where additional subtleties and challenges are encountered, have already led to many exciting insights both from theory [3,[82][83][84] as well as from experiment [85][86][87][88].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Autonomous conversion of information to work in quantum dots

Sánchez

Samuelsson

Potts

2019

Phys. Rev. Research

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We consider an autonomous implementation of Maxwell's demon in a quantum dot architecture. As in the original thought experiment, only the second law of thermodynamics is seemingly violated when disregarding the demon. The autonomous architecture allows us to compare descriptions in terms of information to a more traditional, thermoelectric characterization. Our detailed investigation of information-to-work conversion is based on fluctuation relations and second law like inequalities in addition to the average heat and charge currents. By introducing a time-reversal on the level of individual electrons, we find a novel fluctuation relation that is not connected to any symmetry of the moment generating function of heat and particle flows. Furthermore, we show how an effective Markovian master equation with broken detailed balance for the system alone can emerge from a full description, allowing for an investigation of the entropic cost associated to breaking detailed balance. Interestingly, while the entropic cost of performing a perfect measurement diverges, the entropic cost of breaking detailed balance does not. Our results connect various approaches and idealized scenarios found in the literature and can be tested experimentally with present day technology. arXiv:1907.02866v1 [cond-mat.mes-hall]

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Autonomous conversion of information to work in quantum dots

Sánchez

Samuelsson

Potts

2019

Phys. Rev. Research

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“…The thermopower can also be related to the entropy flowing between different parts of the system. In fact, the entropy of nano-systems has been recently measured [19] by means of thermoelectric transport. A strong increase of S in nano-devices and nano-structured materials has been observed [20], in agreement with the earlier proposal [21].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Two- and three-terminal far-from-equilibrium thermoelectric nano-devices in the Kondo regime

Eckern

Wysokiński

2020

New J. Phys.

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This paper analyses the thermoelectric power of two-and three-terminal quantum dot devices under large thermal ΔT and voltage V biases, and their performance as thermoelectric heat engines. The focus is on the interaction between electrons, far-from-equilibrium conditions, and strongly nonlinear transport, which all are important factors affecting the usefulness of the devices. To properly characterise the thermoelectric properties under such conditions, two different Seebeck coefficients are introduced, generalizing the linear response expression. In agreement with previous work, we find that the efficiency of the three-terminal thermoelectric heat engine, as measured by the delivered power, is optimal far from equilibrium. Moreover, strong Coulomb interactions between electrons on the quantum dot are found to diminish the efficiency at maximum power, and the maximal value of the delivered power, both in the Kondo regime and beyond.

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“…Indeed, in nanoscopic Majorana setups not only linear but also nonlinear zero frequency thermoelectric noise turns out to be universal [29] while finite frequency thermoelectric quantum noise reveals universal symmetry and dynamic resonances with universal maxima [30]. Recently, it has been proposed that one obtains the entropy of a nanoscopic system from thermoelectric transport experiments [31] which incorporate measurements of the differential conductance of the nanoscopic system and measurements of its thermopower. This shows that thermoelectric transport may also become an effective experimental tool able to detect the Majorana universal fractional entropy [27] of the Kitaev's chain.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dual Majorana universality in thermally induced nonequilibrium

Smirnov

2020

Phys. Rev. B

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We demonstrate that nonequilibrium nanoscopic systems with Majorana zero modes admit special kind of universality which cannot be classified as of strictly transport or strictly thermodynamic nature. To reveal such kind of Majorana universality we explore purely thermal nonequilibrium states of a quantum dot whose low-energy degrees of freedom are governed by Majorana zero modes. Specifically, the quantum dot is coupled to a topological superconductor, supporting Majorana zero modes, as well as to two normal metallic contacts with the same chemical potentials but different temperatures. It is shown that the Majorana universality in this setup is dual: it is stored inside both the response of the electric current, excited by exclusively the temperature difference, and the quantum dot compressibility. The latter is defined as the derivative of the quantum dot particle number with respect to the chemical potential and forms a universal Majorana ratio with a proper derivative of the electric current that flows in nonequilibrium states of purely thermal nature. arXiv:2003.05424v2 [cond-mat.mes-hall]

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How to measure the entropy of a mesoscopic system via thermoelectric transport

Cited by 57 publications

References 33 publications

Autonomous conversion of information to work in quantum dots

Autonomous conversion of information to work in quantum dots

Two- and three-terminal far-from-equilibrium thermoelectric nano-devices in the Kondo regime

Dual Majorana universality in thermally induced nonequilibrium

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