How to legitimate the European Union and the integration process: EU governance approach

Public strategies to rescue the hospitality industry following the impact of COVID-19: A case study of the European Union

“…The two most widely held theories that attempt to explain the governance of EU member states are: (1) intergovernmentalism, according to which member states are the ones controlling the policy decision-making, its processes and its outcomes ( Hoffmann, 1982 , Garrett, 1992 , Moravcsik, 1993 and 1998; Schimmelfennig, 2003 and 2015; Bickerton et al, 2015a , Bickerton et al, 2015b ), and (2) supranationalism, which revolves around political decision-making by organizations that go beyond the national sphere ( Volodin, 2011 , Niemann and Ioannou, 2015 , Börzel and Risse, 2018 , Thaler, 2020 , Matthijs, 2020 ). If these policies are implemented by the EU's own institutions, then it is supranational decision making ( Büthe, 2016 ).…”