How to Know

Hetherington, Stephen

doi:10.1002/9781118083178

Cited by 109 publications

(11 citation statements)

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“…She suggests regarding knowing that as knowing how, but ends up with multiple types of knowing how: one that demands practice to be learnt and justified, and one that does not. The arguments of Hetherington (2011) and Roland (1958) lead to the same problem: if knowing how comes in two easily distinguishable variants (that show overt similarities with Ryle's knowing how and knowing that, respectively), why say that they are of the same kind?…”

Section: Is Knowing That a Form Of Knowing How?mentioning

confidence: 91%

“…If knowing that is a form of knowing how, it should also be possible to learn gradually or know to different degrees. Hetherington (2011) claims that this is the case and refers to deteriorating memories as an example. This is however generally a loss of precision rather than of degree.…”

Section: Learning How and Learning Thatmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…The propososal of Hetherington (2011) to equate knowledge with ability also causes other problems, which apply to the physical as well as the cognitive domain. Suppose that Hannah is skilled in soldering; she has repeatedly produced good soldered joints and discussed properties of different filler metals with qualified colleagues.…”

Section: Is Knowing That a Form Of Knowing How?mentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Among the critics, there are those who defend Ryle's division as well as those who prefer to regard knowing that as a form of knowing how (e.g. Hetherington 2011). Whether any of these ideas is fit for describing technological knowledge is not obvious.…”

mentioning

confidence: 96%

“…The aim of this article is to expose the technological knowledge to ideas about knowledge and skill, knowing that and knowing how, which originate with Ryle and have since been commented upon by Stanley and Williamson (2001), Hetherington (2011), Poston (2009 and others. The purpose is to find out how knowledge in the wide-ranging domain of technology is best understood: Is it relevant to divide it into knowing how and knowing that or is it better described as one kind of knowledge, presented and/or used in different ways?…”

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confidence: 98%

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Knowing How, Knowing That, Knowing Technology

Norström

2014

Philos. Technol.

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A wide variety of skills, abilities and knowledge are used in technological activities such as engineering design. Together, they enable problem solving and artefact creation. Gilbert Ryle's division of knowledge into knowing how and knowing that is often referred to when discussing this technological knowledge. Ryle's view has been questioned and criticised by those who claim that there is only one type, for instance, Jason Stanley and Timothy Williamson who claim that knowing how is really a form of knowing that and Stephen Hetherington who claims that knowing that is knowing how. Neither Ryle himself nor any of his critics have discussed technological knowledge. Exposing both Ryle's and his critics' ideas to technological knowledge show that there are strong reasons to keep the knowing how-knowing that dichotomy in technological contexts. The main reasons are that they are justified in different ways, that Stanley's and Williamson's ideas have great difficulties to account for learning of technological knowing how through training, and that knowing that is susceptible to Gettier problems, which technological knowing how is not.

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Section: Is Knowing That a Form Of Knowing How?mentioning

confidence: 91%

Section: Learning How and Learning Thatmentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Is Knowing That a Form Of Knowing How?mentioning

confidence: 97%

mentioning

confidence: 96%

mentioning

confidence: 98%

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