How to interpret visual fields

Wong, Sui; Plant, Gordon T.

doi:10.1136/practneurol-2015-001155

Cited by 25 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Alternatively, by precluding any surface on one side of space from causing retinal cell activation, we lose activity on the same side of both retinas-i.e., a homonymous hemianopia. This maps to the deficits found on lesions to the retinocortical pathway before and after the optic chiasm, respectively (Lueck, 2010;Wong and Plant, 2015). This highlights the inevitability of these visual field defects following lesions to the visual pathway, under the assumption that the brain uses a model that represents the same surfaces as causes of data on both retinas.…”

Section: The Retinocortical Pathwaymentioning

confidence: 64%

Generative Models for Active Vision

et al. 2021

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The active visual system comprises the visual cortices, cerebral attention networks, and oculomotor system. While fascinating in its own right, it is also an important model for sensorimotor networks in general. A prominent approach to studying this system is active inference—which assumes the brain makes use of an internal (generative) model to predict proprioceptive and visual input. This approach treats action as ensuring sensations conform to predictions (i.e., by moving the eyes) and posits that visual percepts are the consequence of updating predictions to conform to sensations. Under active inference, the challenge is to identify the form of the generative model that makes these predictions—and thus directs behavior. In this paper, we provide an overview of the generative models that the brain must employ to engage in active vision. This means specifying the processes that explain retinal cell activity and proprioceptive information from oculomotor muscle fibers. In addition to the mechanics of the eyes and retina, these processes include our choices about where to move our eyes. These decisions rest upon beliefs about salient locations, or the potential for information gain and belief-updating. A key theme of this paper is the relationship between “looking” and “seeing” under the brain's implicit generative model of the visual world.

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Section: The Retinocortical Pathwaymentioning

confidence: 64%

Generative Models for Active Vision

et al. 2021

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“…2 In this method, V4e is the largest and most intense target that maps the farthest peripheral vision, III4e is a middle-sized target that is used in the definitions for driving standard and legal blindness in Canada, and I4e is the second smallest sized target and is more sensitive in detecting field loss in the central 30 degrees of vision. 3 – 5 Hence, it is more informative to measure all three targets when evaluating the VF loss in RP. However, calculating the whole VF areas quantitatively (in mm 2 or degree 2 ) is a tedious and time-consuming process because the fields are measured and drawn manually on paper sheets if historic data are used.…”

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confidence: 99%

Visual Field Progression in Retinitis Pigmentosa

Zhai

MacDonald

2020

Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci.

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To retrospectively study the rate of visual field (VF) progression in patients with retinitis pigmentosa (RP) as it relates to different targets and inheritance patterns. METHODS. A total of 275 kinetic VF tests were collected from 52 subjects with RP over a period of up to 29 years (mean, 12 years). The VF areas of Goldmann targets V4e, III4e, and I4e were calculated using Photoshop. Differences in the rate of VF loss among different targets and inheritance patterns were compared. RESULTS. There was a significant interocular correlation in both visual acuity (VA) (R 2 = 0.739, P < 0.001) and VF area (R 2 = 0.815, P < 0.001). The annual rates of decline in VF area for V4e, III4e, and I4e targets were 7.5%, 10.7%, and 12.5%, respectively (all P < 0.001). All of the rates were significantly different from each other (P < 0.001). The mean rate of VF loss was 10.3% (P = 0.009) for autosomal recessive, 2.7% (P = 0.215) for autosomal dominant, and 7.2% (P = 0.009) for X-linked patterns of inheritance. However, the differences among them were not statistically significant (P > 0.05). Based on VF, survival analysis indicated that our patients failed the vision standard for driving and reached legal blindness at the median ages of 37 and 55 years, respectively. CONCLUSIONS. The rate of VF loss varies among targets in patients with RP. Fifty percent of patients are not qualified to drive by the age of 37 and become legally blind by the age of 55. These results can be useful for counseling patients with RP as to their potential rate of VF decline.

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“…Visual fields are typically the first part of the visual function affected by ICP with peripheral constriction, an enlargement of the blind spot and or an inferior nasal step or partial arcuate defect [86,87]. For the general neurologist, interpretation of the visual fields is essential as in IIH cognitive factors including subject attention, motivation, fatigue, and response bias can influence the results.…”

Section: Examinationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emerging themes in idiopathic intracranial hypertension

et al. 2020

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Purpose Idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) is a rare disorder characterised by raised intracranial pressure. The underlying pathophysiology is mostly unknown and effective treatment is an unmet clinical need in this disease. This review evaluates key emerging themes regarding disease characteristics, mechanisms contributing to raised intracranial pressure and advances in potential therapeutic targets. Findings IIH is becoming more common, with the incidence rising in parallel with the global obesity epidemic. Current medical management remains centred around weight management, which is challenging. Metabolic investigations of patients have identified specific androgen profiles in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), which suggest an endocrine dysfunction impacting CSF secretion in IIH. Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (11β-HSD1) have been found to play a role in CSF dynamics in IIH and have formed the basis of the first clinical trials looking at new treatments. Conclusions Identification of novel molecular targets thought to underlie IIH pathology is now being translated to clinical trials.

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How to interpret visual fields

Cited by 25 publications

References 4 publications

Generative Models for Active Vision

Generative Models for Active Vision

Visual Field Progression in Retinitis Pigmentosa

Emerging themes in idiopathic intracranial hypertension

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