How to Harden Puerto Rico's grid against hurricanes

O’Neill-Carrillo, Efraín; Irizarry-Rivera, A.A.

doi:10.1109/mspec.2019.8889972

Cited by 6 publications

(9 citation statements)

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“…This is also evident from the data presented by the Energy Information Administration (EIA), which in recent years, shows a breakdown of the role of the weather events [1]. References [27][28][29] analyze methods of improving system resilience in different locations of the world. O'Neil-Carrillo and Irizarry-Rivera [27] shows how a combination of microgrids, PV, and BESS can be applied to hurricane-prone Puerto Rico to improve power system resilience.…”

Section: Literature Surveymentioning

confidence: 98%

“…References [27][28][29] analyze methods of improving system resilience in different locations of the world. O'Neil-Carrillo and Irizarry-Rivera [27] shows how a combination of microgrids, PV, and BESS can be applied to hurricane-prone Puerto Rico to improve power system resilience. Their proposed solution includes a 'grid of microgrids' that essentially comprise 2 kW PV and 10 kWh BESS for 200,000 customers who are particularly vulnerable to hurricanes.…”

Section: Literature Surveymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Additional investment in PV/BESS is warranted to prevent unserved energy due to storm related outages. As the Puerto Rico study [27] discussed, such investments are not only economic from a household point of view (over diesel) but may also obviate the need to harden the distribution system. Expected unserved energy is 0.544 kWh which is deemed to be economic despite a high ($20/kWh) cost of unserved energy imposed.…”

Section: The "No Powermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Expected unserved energy is 0.544 kWh which is deemed to be economic despite a high ($20/kWh) cost of unserved energy imposed. Investments in infrastructure to guard against very low probability events can be very expensivean issue that has been noted in the literature including [27,29,31,33] and we revisit this point in a later sub-section; 3. The "No Resilience Consideration" case uses the "No Power Outage" investments i.e., 4 kW of PV and no BESS, and as a result has much higher expected unserved energy of 2.69 kWh.…”

Section: The "No Powermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These prices may also be useful comparators to decide if hardening should be done at an individual customer level or at a greater scale at the grid level. While spot prices may need to increase considerably in high-risk areas to justify investments in additional PV/BESSthe alternative to harden the entire distribution system may well prove to be even more expensive as the discussion for Puerto Rico [27] suggests.…”

Section: Analysis Of Solar Profiles and Pricingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Battery Storage for Resilient Homes

Chatterji

Bazilian

2020

IEEE Access

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Small-scale battery energy storage systems (BESS), especially for behind-the-meter applications, are still relatively expensive, but we show that it can be a potent solution to render homes resilient to storm related power outages. We present a stochastic programming model formulation to optimize PV/BESS explicitly accounting for resilience benefits these investments entail, over and above their ability to reduce cost of supply. The stochastic optimization considers uncertainties around storm related grid supply failures as well as variability of solar PV. The model includes an embedded Monte Carlo simulation module that considers storm related outage risks using climate model reanalysis data. It is a least-cost planning framework that optimizes selection of BESS, solar PV, grid supply, and diesel generator, from a homeowner's perspective. We present two case studies with low and high storm risks that demonstrate how different risk exposures can impact on the selection of alternative options to build resilience. Duals, or shadow prices, of demand-supply constraints from the model for both normal days and for storm related contingencies, provide interesting insights into the marginal cost of supply that can inform innovative pricing schemes to promote customer level resilience measures. The case study results reveal significant merits of BESS, in combination with PV, to enhance resilience. We find that in low-risk areas like Bethesda, MD, incremental PV and BESS required for a more resilient system can add $79 (4%) to expected annual electricity costs for a typical household, and a considerably higher $208 (10.6%) in Miami, FL which is at a much greater risk. These options are, however, 27% (in Bethesda) and 20% (in Florida) less expensive than the conventional solution of installing a diesel generator. These results provide insights into the value of BESS as part of a resilient and clean energy solution for households.

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Section: Literature Surveymentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Literature Surveymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The "No Powermentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The "No Powermentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Analysis Of Solar Profiles and Pricingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Battery Storage for Resilient Homes

Chatterji

Bazilian

2020

IEEE Access

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A socio-technical approach for the assessment of critical infrastructure system vulnerability in extreme weather events

Montoya-Rincon,

Mejia-Manrique,

Azad

et al. 2023

Nat Energy

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Planning for a Resilient Home Electricity Supply System

2021

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Resilience of power systems is already a key issue that is getting frequent attention all over the world. It is useful to analyze resilience issues not only for bulk supply, but at all levels including at a customer level. This is because distributed energy resources can play a prominent role in enhancing resilience. Although the literature on planning models, tools and data for bulk supply and distribution systems have expanded in recent years, customer-centric planning, e.g., for an individual household, is yet to receive adequate attention. Although solar PV and battery storage at a household level have been analyzed, how these resources can be optimally combined, together with grid supply, from a resilience perspective is the focus of this study. The study demonstrates how a conceptual framework can be developed to show the trade-off between system costs and resilience including its dimensions such as duration, depth and frequency of service outages. A planning model is developed that incorporates multiple facets of resilience and individual customer preferences. The model considers power system resilience explicitly as a constraint. The model is implemented for a household level case study in Miami, Florida. The results show there are complex tradeoffs among different dimensions of resilience. The study demonstrates how combined resilience metrics can be formulated and evaluated using the proposed least-cost planning model at a household level to optimize grid supply together with solar, battery storage and diesel generators. The model allows a planner to directly embed a resilience standard to drive the optimal supply mix. These concepts and the modeling construct can also be applied at other levels of planning, including community level and bulk supply system planning.

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How to Harden Puerto Rico's grid against hurricanes

Cited by 6 publications

References 0 publications

Battery Storage for Resilient Homes

Battery Storage for Resilient Homes

A socio-technical approach for the assessment of critical infrastructure system vulnerability in extreme weather events

Planning for a Resilient Home Electricity Supply System

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