How to Fight Whooping Cough?

Edwards, Kathryn M.

doi:10.1001/archpediatrics.2011.1243

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 25 publications

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“…No other statistically significant results were noted. Pertussis experts have encouraged more epidemiological studies and clinical trials to assess the duration of protection that antepartum immunization would offer to infants in order to better understand the immune response to pertussis vaccines and to implement more efficient strategies that would overcome existing barriers to vaccinating pregnant women (410,(564)(565)(566). In the efforts to interrupt the circulation of B. pertussis, several options have been suggested, including vaccination of all pregnant women, vaccination of all of an infant's close contacts, lowering the start date of infant immunization, reinstituting use of DTP vaccines, and adding another B. pertussis antigen (e.g., AC or BrKA antigen) to existing DTaP vaccines (193,287).…”

Section: Tdap Immunization For Pregnant Womenmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pertussis: Microbiology, Disease, Treatment, and Prevention

et al. 2016

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SUMMARYPertussis is a severe respiratory infection caused byBordetella pertussis, and in 2008, pertussis was associated with an estimated 16 million cases and 195,000 deaths globally. Sizeable outbreaks of pertussis have been reported over the past 5 years, and disease reemergence has been the focus of international attention to develop a deeper understanding of pathogen virulence and genetic evolution ofB. pertussisstrains. During the past 20 years, the scientific community has recognized pertussis among adults as well as infants and children. Increased recognition that older children and adolescents are at risk for disease and may transmitB. pertussisto younger siblings has underscored the need to better understand the role of innate, humoral, and cell-mediated immunity, including the role of waning immunity. Although recognition of adult pertussis has increased in tandem with a better understanding ofB. pertussispathogenesis, pertussis in neonates and adults can manifest with atypical clinical presentations. Such disease patterns make pertussis recognition difficult and lead to delays in treatment. Ongoing research using newer tools for molecular analysis holds promise for improved understanding of pertussis epidemiology, bacterial pathogenesis, bioinformatics, and immunology. Together, these advances provide a foundation for the development of new-generation diagnostics, therapeutics, and vaccines.

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Section: Tdap Immunization For Pregnant Womenmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pertussis: Microbiology, Disease, Treatment, and Prevention

et al. 2016

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Perplexities of pertussis: recent global epidemiological trends and their potential causes

2013

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Recent much-publicized increases in pertussis case reports in some countries with high vaccine coverage have raised concerns about its current and future control. The ubiquity of this trend, however, remains unexamined. In an attempt to paint a global picture, we used case counts to determine which countries experienced statistically significant trends in incidence over the past two decades and to map changes in incidence during this period. These data reveal that pertussis resurgence is not a universal phenomenon. The heterogeneity in incidence trends, even in countries with superficially similar demography, socioeconomic conditions and vaccination programmes, is striking and requires explanation. In this opinion piece, we review and assess the multifaceted proposed explanations incorporating evolution, population dynamics, and the details of immunization programmes. While we do not solve the riddle that is pertussis epidemiology, we highlight critical aspects that are likely to hold the key to understanding its worldwide epidemiology.

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Detecting Paroxysmal Coughing from Pertussis Cases Using Voice Recognition Technology

et al. 2013

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BackgroundPertussis is highly contagious; thus, prompt identification of cases is essential to control outbreaks. Clinicians experienced with the disease can easily identify classic cases, where patients have bursts of rapid coughing followed by gasps, and a characteristic whooping sound. However, many clinicians have never seen a case, and thus may miss initial cases during an outbreak. The purpose of this project was to use voice-recognition software to distinguish pertussis coughs from croup and other coughs.MethodsWe collected a series of recordings representing pertussis, croup and miscellaneous coughing by children. We manually categorized coughs as either pertussis or non-pertussis, and extracted features for each category. We used Mel-frequency cepstral coefficients (MFCC), a sampling rate of 16 KHz, a frame Duration of 25 msec, and a frame rate of 10 msec. The coughs were filtered. Each cough was divided into 3 sections of proportion 3-4-3. The average of the 13 MFCCs for each section was computed and made into a 39-element feature vector used for the classification. We used the following machine learning algorithms: Neural Networks, K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN), and a 200 tree Random Forest (RF). Data were reserved for cross-validation of the KNN and RF. The Neural Network was trained 100 times, and the averaged results are presented.ResultsAfter categorization, we had 16 examples of non-pertussis coughs and 31 examples of pertussis coughs. Over 90% of all pertussis coughs were properly classified as pertussis. The error rates were: Type I errors of 7%, 12%, and 25% and Type II errors of 8%, 0%, and 0%, using the Neural Network, Random Forest, and KNN, respectively.ConclusionOur results suggest that we can build a robust classifier to assist clinicians and the public to help identify pertussis cases in children presenting with typical symptoms.

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How to Fight Whooping Cough?

Cited by 3 publications

References 25 publications

Pertussis: Microbiology, Disease, Treatment, and Prevention

Pertussis: Microbiology, Disease, Treatment, and Prevention

Perplexities of pertussis: recent global epidemiological trends and their potential causes

Detecting Paroxysmal Coughing from Pertussis Cases Using Voice Recognition Technology

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