How to estimate wind-turbine infeed with incomplete stock data: A general framework with an application to turbine-specific market values in Germany

Locational (In-)Efficiency of Renewable Power Generation Feeding in the Electricity Grid: A Spatial Regression Analysis

“…Note that the applied procedure overestimates the electricity output of both wind turbines and PV systems. This is in line with the existing literature (Yi et al, 2011;Egger, 2017;Engelhorn and Müsgens, 2018;Pfenninger and Staffell, 2016). In order to adjust the calculated generation to the actual generation, we apply correction factors 12 , and verify the calculated yearly electricity generation of wind energy and PV systems by comparing these with the published figures of ENTSO-E 13 .…”

“…where r is the radius of the rotor, c p is the power coefficient of the wind turbine, which depends on the prevalent wind speed, ρ is the air density at standard atmospheric conditions, and υ is the hourly wind speed at hub height. The wind speed at hub height is computed by vertically interpolating the wind speed from different heights to the hub height of the wind turbine (Engelhorn and Müsgens, 2018;Gonzalez Aparicio et al, 2016;Schallenberg-Rodriguez, 2013;Kubik et al, 2013). See Eqs.…”

“…In the case of wind turbines, we correct wind speeds instead of adjusting energy yields, as proposed byStaffell and Pfenninger (2016). To calculate these wind speed correction factors, we follow the suggestions ofEngelhorn and Müsgens (2018) and raise the ratio of empirical to calculated electricity generation to the power of one-third.13 ENTSO-E stands for European Network of Transmission System Operators for Electricity. The data can be downloaded at the transparency platform of ENTSO-E: https://transparency.entsoe.eu/14 The remuneration of renewables is type-specific and differs depending on the commissioning date and installed capacity.…”

Economics of converting renewable power to hydrogen

“…The preceding model framework is now applied to wind energy in both Germany and Texas. PtG naturally complements wind energy, which tends to reach peak production levels at night when demand from the grid and power prices are relatively low 23,24 . In Texas, operators of wind turbines are eligible for a production tax credit (PTC), a fixed credit per kWh of produced electricity 25 .…”

The Consequences of Air Density Variations over Northeastern Scotland for Offshore Wind Energy Potential

“…Nevertheless, currently, ERA5 provides a resolution high enough for wind energy studies, and the authors have successfully used ERA5 for technical purposes, such as for the identification of defective anemometers at wind farms [43]. Additionally, the potential of ERA5 has already been stressed in recent publications with a myriad of applications, such as wind energy resource assessment, economical constraint, or wave-wind interactions in offshore wind farms [8,[44][45][46][47][48][49]. To summarize, ERA5 is widely accepted as a reliable source of data for wind energy assessment studies and was also used in this work.…”