How To Enhance Empathy Nursing Students In Education: Literature Review

Abstract

Introduction. The tendency of reducing student empathy requires efforts to improve it through education or training. The purpose of this review is to identify education, learning, or teaching that is used to increase student empathy. Method. The design used a Literature Systematic Review. Articles were conducted in three electronic databases guided by The PRISMA. Articles published in English and from 2019 to 2021. Results. The result obtained 20 articles and will be reviewed. Eighteen articles show an effect or relationship between intervention and empathy. Training materials that can increase student empathy are the concept of empathy, communication, mindfulness, and transcultural nursing education. Education and training using patients/patient simulations to help improve student empathy, namely: expert patients, ECARE Program, polypharmacy effects; clinical Simulation of Inpatients, Lectures in class, Virtual Dementia Tour, living in poverty, and games for team interaction. Another method is through the KSS module, mannequin simulator experience, and peers. Conclusion. Education and training on the concepts of empathy, communication, meditation, and cultural competence using Simulation and immersion methods with patients, being like patients, using mannequins, or interacting with vulnerable groups can increase student empathy. Faculty and lecturers can apply experiential learning methods with Simulation and immersion in learning or training courses. Keywords: empathy, student, nursing, learning, education

Beyond scientific and technical training: Assessing the relevance of empathy and assertiveness in future physiotherapists: A cross‐sectional study

“…In the present cross‐sectional study, it can be seen in the studied sample that female physiotherapy students at the University present more significant empathic development than male students, something which agrees with the results of Chu et al 39 However, in this study by Chu et al, an improvement in empathic development was observed among male physiotherapy students after having received training in communication skills and improved empathic thinking. Therefore, the authors believe it is right to continue innovating and implementing training to enhance the students' communication skills and critical and empathic thinking, as other authors have also reported 26,40‐47 …”

“…Therefore, the authors believe it is right to continue innovating and implementing training to enhance the students' communication skills and critical and empathic thinking, as other authors have also reported. 26,[40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47] In addition, the fact that the students are working or have work experience in another health profession while studying for their degree in physiotherapy means they obtain lower scores on the IRI subscale of personal distress (PD). This issue is closely related to the conclusions of the studies'.…”

Self-Assessment of Health Professionals’ Cultural Competence: Knowledge, Skills, and Mental Health Concepts for Optimal Health Care

“…Therefore, as stated in the literature, health professionals need to be sensitive to social and cultural differences [ 15 ]. The fact that 55 participants answered that they do not make mistakes suggests a lack of awareness of mistakes, which is also related to empathy [ 16 ].…”

The Effect of Knowledge Brokering on Cardiac Nurses' Empathy With Their Patients: A Field Randomized Controlled Trial

“…Empathy, as the essence of effective therapeutic communication, is a crucial skill for nurses (1,2). Many studies reported that health workers' empathy is directly associated with better patient outcomes (3)(4)(5).…”