How to determine protective immunity in the post-vaccine era

Charlton, Carmen; Lai, Florence; Dover, Douglas C.

doi:10.1080/21645515.2015.1128600

Cited by 12 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Individuals lacking measles and rubella antibodies were only seen in the youngest age cohorts, most likely due to waning immunity years after vaccination in individuals lacking contact with the wild virus [24,27,28]. Other studies have also shown the tendency of non-immune individuals to be seen in younger age groups [8,29].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Immunity against vaccine-preventable diseases in Finnish pediatric healthcare workers in 2015

Koivisto

Puhakka

Lappalainen

et al. 2017

Vaccine

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Immunity against vaccine-preventable diseases in Finnish pediatric healthcare workers in 2015

Koivisto

Puhakka

Lappalainen

et al. 2017

Vaccine

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“…The use of a live-attenuated virus vaccine is intended to mimic immunological reactions and responses between the host and wild type virus ( 254 ). The current live-attenuated MMR vaccine is intramuscularly injected, a route that significantly differs from the natural infection mode of transmission.…”

Section: Laboratory Determinants Of An Effective Immune Response To Mmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mumps Outbreaks in Vaccinated Populations—Is It Time to Re-assess the Clinical Efficacy of Vaccines?

Connell

Leahy

et al. 2020

Front. Immunol.

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History illustrates the remarkable public health impact of mass vaccination, by dramatically improving life expectancy and reducing the burden of infectious diseases and co-morbidities worldwide. It has been perceived that if an individual adhered to the MMR vaccine schedule that immunity to mumps virus (MuV) would be lifelong. Recent mumps outbreaks in individuals who had received two doses of the Measles Mumps Rubella (MMR) vaccine has challenged the efficacy of the MMR vaccine. However, clinical symptoms, complications, viral shedding and transmission associated with mumps infection has been shown to be reduced in vaccinated individuals, demonstrating a benefit of this vaccine. Therefore, the question of what constitutes a good mumps vaccine and how its impact is assessed in this modern era remains to be addressed. Epidemiology of the individuals most affected by the outbreaks (predominantly young adults) and variance in the circulating MuV genotype have been well-described alluding to a collection of influences such as vaccine hesitancy, heterogeneous vaccine uptake, primary, and/or secondary vaccine failures. This review aims to discuss in detail the interplay of factors thought to be contributing to the current mumps outbreaks seen in highly vaccinated populations. In addition, how mumps diagnoses has progressed and impacted the understanding of mumps infection since a mumps vaccine was first developed, the limitations of current laboratory tests in confirming protection in vaccinated individuals and how vaccine effectiveness is quantified are also considered. By highlighting knowledge gaps within this area, this state-of-the-art review proposes a change of perspective regarding the impact of a vaccine in a highly vaccinated population from a clinical, diagnostic and public perspective, highlighting a need for a paradigm shift on what is considered vaccine immunity.

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“…RA27/3 vaccine is now the most widely 13 used vaccine strain worldwide. To date, decreasing seroprevalence in highly vaccinated populations have not led to major outbreaks of rubella or an increased incidence of CRS which is a strong indication that low levels of RV-IgG may be sufficient for protection (40)(41)(42)(43)(44).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of rubella virus-specific humoral and cell-mediated immunity in pregnant women with negative or equivocal rubella-specific IgG in routine screening

Picone

Bouthry

Bejaoui-Olhmann

et al. 2019

Journal of Clinical Virology

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How to determine protective immunity in the post-vaccine era

Cited by 12 publications

References 18 publications

Immunity against vaccine-preventable diseases in Finnish pediatric healthcare workers in 2015

Immunity against vaccine-preventable diseases in Finnish pediatric healthcare workers in 2015

Mumps Outbreaks in Vaccinated Populations—Is It Time to Re-assess the Clinical Efficacy of Vaccines?

Determination of rubella virus-specific humoral and cell-mediated immunity in pregnant women with negative or equivocal rubella-specific IgG in routine screening

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