How to Couple Two Networks for a Smart Grid

A Comprehensive Review on Smart Grids: Challenges and Opportunities

“…Neighborhood Area Networks (NAN) [22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37] Software Defined Networks (SDN) [20,[38][39][40][41][42][43] Interdependent networks (IN) [44][45][46][47][48][50][51][52][53] Field Area Networks (FAN) [21,49,[54][55][56][57][58][59][60][61][62][63]69] Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) [64][65][66][67][68][69]...…”

“…The works of Alonso et al [70] and Cavalieri [89] using the IEC61850 Protocol can be highlighted, showing us an applicable field of research with a view to homogenizing the algorithms and protocols used by Smart Grids and achieve an integration of all elements that conform them. Green-RPL [53] Local positive degree coupling [44] IEE 802.11s [33] Web Of Energy [67] Dynamic Barrier Coverage [68] IEC61850 [70,89] Wind-driven bacterian foraging algorithm [86] Data Slicing [87] TSUBE energy trading algorithm [91] Stochastic Geometry [92] Rectangular quadrature amplitude modulation [37] Policy-based group authentication algorithm [103] Mapping interface integration COIIoT [99,104] Nash Equilibrium (NE) and the Bayesian NE [105] Wireless sensor network protocol [35,50,53,63,73,[76][77][78]98,108,110] Algorithmic Approach [36,37,48,52,93,107,109] Furthermore, Figure 6c shows the Protocols Applied in Smart Grid Algorithms, pointing out that these technologies are varied and abundant, since 46% concentrate 14 different protocols applied among members or nodes of the Smart Grid. In addition, 34% is located in wireless connections of Sensor Networks and 20% Algorithmic Approaches inside these networks.…”

“…Coupling two networks to simulate a real network is essential for an interdependent SG. Wang et al [44] proposed a local positive degree coupling (LPDC) strategy for a coupled network, analyzing the characteristics of the power network, by considering the significant modulation property and focusing on the coupling strategy, and leveraging a community detection algorithm to make a local network. In other words, the LPDC strategy presents two related algorithms: the Assemble Community Algorithm and the Positive Degree Coupling Algorithm.…”