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Crowdsourcing-the employment of ad hoc online labor to perform various tasks-has become a popular outsourcing vehicle. Our current approach to crowdsourcing-focusing on micro-tasks-fails to leverage the potential of crowds to tackle more complex problems. To leverage crowds to tackle more complex macrotasks requires a better comprehension of crowdsourcing controls. Crowdsourcing controls are mechanisms used to align crowd workers' actions with predefined standards to achieve a set of goals and objectives. Unfortunately, we know very little about the topic of crowdsourcing controls directed at accomplishing complex macrotasks. To address issues associated with crowdsourcing controls for macro-tasks, this chapter has several objectives. First, it presents and discusses the literature on control theory. Second, this chapter presents a scoping literature review of crowdsourcing controls. Finally, the chapter identifies gaps and puts forth a research agenda to address these shortcomings. The research agenda focuses on understanding how to employ the controls needed to perform macro-tasking in crowds and the implications for crowdsourcing system designers. 3.1 Introduction Crowdsourcing-the employment of ad hoc online labor to perform various tasks-has become a popular outsourcing vehicle. Digital platforms like Mechanical Turk (http://www.mturk.com), CrowdFlower (http://www.crowdflower.com), MobileWorks (http://www.mobileworks.com), and Crowdcrafting (http://crowdcrafting.org) are in part responsible for the emergence and popularity of crowdsourcing. These popular platforms have been dominated by micro-tasks-standalone decomposed tasks (Schmitz and Lykourentzou 2018). This arrangement-microtasking through digital platforms-has been successful at providing organizations with access to affordable labor available 24 h a day (Ye et al. 2017).
Crowdsourcing-the employment of ad hoc online labor to perform various tasks-has become a popular outsourcing vehicle. Our current approach to crowdsourcing-focusing on micro-tasks-fails to leverage the potential of crowds to tackle more complex problems. To leverage crowds to tackle more complex macrotasks requires a better comprehension of crowdsourcing controls. Crowdsourcing controls are mechanisms used to align crowd workers' actions with predefined standards to achieve a set of goals and objectives. Unfortunately, we know very little about the topic of crowdsourcing controls directed at accomplishing complex macrotasks. To address issues associated with crowdsourcing controls for macro-tasks, this chapter has several objectives. First, it presents and discusses the literature on control theory. Second, this chapter presents a scoping literature review of crowdsourcing controls. Finally, the chapter identifies gaps and puts forth a research agenda to address these shortcomings. The research agenda focuses on understanding how to employ the controls needed to perform macro-tasking in crowds and the implications for crowdsourcing system designers. 3.1 Introduction Crowdsourcing-the employment of ad hoc online labor to perform various tasks-has become a popular outsourcing vehicle. Digital platforms like Mechanical Turk (http://www.mturk.com), CrowdFlower (http://www.crowdflower.com), MobileWorks (http://www.mobileworks.com), and Crowdcrafting (http://crowdcrafting.org) are in part responsible for the emergence and popularity of crowdsourcing. These popular platforms have been dominated by micro-tasks-standalone decomposed tasks (Schmitz and Lykourentzou 2018). This arrangement-microtasking through digital platforms-has been successful at providing organizations with access to affordable labor available 24 h a day (Ye et al. 2017).
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