How to Choose a Proper Theoretical Analysis Model Based on Cell Adhesion and Nonadhesion Impedance Measurement

Abstract

The accurate equivalent circuit model contributes to the better fitting of required cell characteristics, such as cell impedance, cell adhesion area, and cell–electrode distance. However, so many theoretical models on specific modules make it difficult for new researchers to understand the whole model of electrode system physically. Besides, the accurate theoretical model and the simplified calculations obviously contradict each other; therefore, it is confusing for many researchers to choose the proper theoretical model to calculate the specific parameters required. In this review, we first discuss the problems and suggestions of electrode system design for cell adhesion-based measurement in terms of parasitic capacitance, detection range of cell number, electric field distribution, and interelectrode distance. The design of electrode system for cell nonadhesion measurement was analyzed in terms of microchannel size and electrode position. Then, we discuss the advantages and disadvantages of various equivalent circuit models according to different requirements of researchers, and simultaneously provide a corresponding theoretical model for researchers. Various factors influencing electric impedance spectroscopy (EIS) such as the parasitic capacitance between microelectrodes, the changes of cell adhesion area and cell–electrode distance, the electrode geometry, and the surface conductivity of electrode were quantitatively analyzed to contribute to better understanding of the equivalent models. Finally, we gave advice to optimize the theoretical models further and perspectives on building uniform principles of theoretical model optimization in the future.

Capture and detection of Escherichia coli with graphene aerogels

“…The impedance of the bacteria-electrode interaction is made of leakage resistance (R g/e ) and parallel plate capacitance (C g/e ). 35,36 In the analogous circuit, the time constant is represented by R g/e |C g/e , which explains the highfrequency behavior of the Nyquist diagram, which may be regarded as a partly analytic semicircle. 37 A constant phase element (CPE1) in parallel with a charge transfer resistance forms the diffusion boundary layer at the interface between the GA-anti-E. coli foam and the electrolyte (R ct ).…”

Comprehensive Cell Adhesion Analysis Using Electrochemiluminescence Imaging and Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy

“…This simple model is widely used for cell analysis, 6 although several complex models have been proposed for electrical cell-substrate impedance sensing. 27 Although it is necessary to discuss the ECM layer for the precise analysis of EIS, this simple model was used to avoid complex discussions in EIS. Additionally, the first small semicircles in the Nyquist plots were ignored in the analysis.…”

The Influence of Electrode Design on Detecting the Effects of Ferric Ammonium Citrate (FAC) on Pre-Osteoblast through Electrical Cell-Substrate Impedance Sensing (ECIS)

“…The cellular impedance was built as a membrane capacitance C m [ 28 , 29 , 30 ]. In addition, a gap between cell membrane and the electrode surface is formed due to the finite binding of cells to the surface, which was considered as in parallel with the cells as R seal [ 31 ].…”