How to bridge the short-term measures to the Market Based Measure? Proposal of a new hybrid MBM based on a new standard in ship operation

Masodzadeh, Peyman Ghaforian; Ölçer, Aykut I.; Ballini, Fabio; Christodoulou, Anastasia

doi:10.1016/j.tranpol.2022.01.019

Cited by 13 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Current energy efficiency regulations, particularly those pertaining to ship operation, are extremely flexible [35,54] and provide optional elements without guaranteeing results. SEEMP does not require shipping companies to set goals or conduct energy audits, and even the EEOI which serves as the only KPI for measuring ship operational efficiency is voluntary [54]. One of the consequences of these non-decisive and non-preventive regulations is the unregulated speed of ships.…”

Section: Need For More Stringent and Goal-based Energy Efficiency Reg...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As a result of low tax rates, there will be a less responsive scheme without satisfactory reductions in CO 2 emissions, while high tax rates will result in modal shifts and reduced competitiveness for developing countries. Assuming the future MBM is a bunker levy, the most suitable option could be a price-based mechanism where the tax rate is inversely proportional to the fuel price [54]. When the fuel price is high, the fuel tax will be reduced to protect the world trade, while when the fuel price is low (e.g., in case of the pandemic), the fuel tax will be increased in order to preserve motivation for green ship operation [54].…”

Section: A Fair Mbm In Favor Of Both World Trade and The Environmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Assuming the future MBM is a bunker levy, the most suitable option could be a price-based mechanism where the tax rate is inversely proportional to the fuel price [54]. When the fuel price is high, the fuel tax will be reduced to protect the world trade, while when the fuel price is low (e.g., in case of the pandemic), the fuel tax will be increased in order to preserve motivation for green ship operation [54]. This option allows effective decarbonization while protecting the world's trade at the same time.…”

Section: A Fair Mbm In Favor Of Both World Trade and The Environmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Lessons Learned during the COVID-19 Pandemic and the Need to Promote Ship Energy Efficiency

Masodzadeh

Ölçer

Dalaklis

et al. 2022

JMSE

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The COVID-19 pandemic significantly impacted the way we do business and trade. As a result of the pandemic, a variety of stakeholders in the maritime sector have been adversely affected; nevertheless, they adapted successfully to the new circumstances and learned how to make the necessary compromises. The purpose of this study is to examine the status of ships’ energy efficiency during the pandemic. It is hypothesized that the pandemic has strengthened barriers to ship energy efficiency, and shipping decarbonization has not been a priority for stakeholders throughout the pandemic. To examine this hypothesis, by conducting a literature review and utilizing the barrier models, the energy efficiency barriers were revisited through the lens of the COVID-19 pandemic. The established focus group assessed the impact of the pandemic on these barriers. The pandemic revealed the vulnerability of shipping’s energy efficiency, and a majority of barriers were strengthened as a result. A number of factors have contributed to the marginal decarbonization of shipping during the pandemic period, including inadequate and lenient energy regulations (policy gap), economic crisis within shipping companies (low freight rates and a decline in charter markets), and extremely low fuel prices.

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Section: Need For More Stringent and Goal-based Energy Efficiency Reg...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: A Fair Mbm In Favor Of Both World Trade and The Environmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: A Fair Mbm In Favor Of Both World Trade and The Environmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Lessons Learned during the COVID-19 Pandemic and the Need to Promote Ship Energy Efficiency

Masodzadeh

Ölçer

Dalaklis

et al. 2022

JMSE

Self Cite

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“…Metzger (2022) evaluated the impact of carbon pricing on the valuation of investments in greening technologies using the fuzzy pay-off method. Masodzadeh et al (2022) discussed MBM complications and proposed a new hybrid MBM to fill the gap between short-term measures and the MBM. However, mid-term technical measures, such as the GHG fuel standard (GFS) have not yet been studied.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simulation Method of Decarbonization of International Shipping for Evaluating the Impact of Possible Regulation Limiting GHG Intensity of Marine Fuels

Wanaka,

Hiekata,

Takeuchi

et al. 2024

IMDC

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This study explored how the GHG fuel standard (GFS) regulation affects international shipping quantitatively by simulating future fleet transformation, fuel consumption, and well-to-wake GHG emissions based on an inputted GHG fuel intensity pathway and scenario of transportation demand, fuel availability and costs, and technology availability. The method comprisesthree steps: calculating the amount of scrapped and built ships, allocating fuel type and mix, and calculating fuel consumption. We simulated how the regulation changes fleet composition and the mix of fuel consumption. From the perspective of feasibility and alternative fuels’ availability, some meaningful insights to implement the GFS regulation were delivered.

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“…They indicated that employing PT would provide a 3-5% recovery ratio, while adopting RC would provide a 5-8% recovery ratio, and utilizing PT-RC would provide an 8-11% recovery ratio. Currently, in the view of technical maturity, PT and RC are significantly suit for maritime applications [44][45][46]. However, as noted above, the low-temperature exhaust gas of a high-efficient engine could make RC shut down [22,27,47,48], which was the reason for the tuning strategy.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improving the Overall Efficiency of Marine Power Systems through Co-Optimization of Top-Bottom Combined Cycle by Means of Exhaust-Gas Bypass: A Semi Empirical Function Analysis Method

Liu

Feng

et al. 2023

JMSE

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The mandatory implementation of the standards laid out in the Energy Efficiency Existing Ship Index (EEXI) and the Carbon Intensity Indicator (CII) requires ships to improve their efficiency and thereby reduce their carbon emissions. To date, the steam Rankine cycle (RC) has been widely used to recover wasted heat from marine main engines to improve the energy-conversion efficiency of ships. However, current marine low-speed diesel engines are usually highly efficient, leading to the low exhaust gas temperature. Additionally, the temperature of waste heat from exhaust gas is too low to be recovered economically by RC. Consequently, a solution has been proposed to improve the overall efficiency by means of waste heat recovery. The exhaust gas is bypassed before the turbocharger, which can decrease the air excess ratio of main engine to increase the exhaust gas temperature, and to achieve high overall efficiency of combined cycle. For quantitative assessments, a semi-empirical formula related to the bypass ratio, the excess air ratio, and the turbocharging efficiency was developed. Furthermore, the semi-empirical formula was verified by testing and engine model. The results showed that the semi-empirical formula accurately represented the relationships of these parameters. Assessment results showed that at the turbocharging efficiency of 68.8%, the exhaust temperature could increase by at least 75 °C, with a bypass ratio of 15%. Moreover, at the optimal bypass ratio of 11.1%, the maximum overall efficiency rose to 54.84% from 50.34%. Finally, EEXI (CII) decreased from 6.1 (4.56) to 5.64 (4.12), with the NOx emissions up to Tier II standard.

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How to bridge the short-term measures to the Market Based Measure? Proposal of a new hybrid MBM based on a new standard in ship operation

Cited by 13 publications

References 24 publications

Lessons Learned during the COVID-19 Pandemic and the Need to Promote Ship Energy Efficiency

Lessons Learned during the COVID-19 Pandemic and the Need to Promote Ship Energy Efficiency

Simulation Method of Decarbonization of International Shipping for Evaluating the Impact of Possible Regulation Limiting GHG Intensity of Marine Fuels

Improving the Overall Efficiency of Marine Power Systems through Co-Optimization of Top-Bottom Combined Cycle by Means of Exhaust-Gas Bypass: A Semi Empirical Function Analysis Method

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