How to become a Bayesian in eight easy steps: An annotated reading list

Etz, Alexander; Gronau, Quentin Frederik; Dablander, Fabian; Edelsbrunner, Peter Adriaan; Baribault, Beth

doi:10.31234/osf.io/ph6sw

Cited by 17 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 22 publications

(28 reference statements)

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“…We interpret these values through the 95% highest probability mass ("confidence interval" in the Bayesian perspective). For an accessible introduction to Bayesian data analysis and interpretation, see Kruschke & Liddell, 2017, Etz, Gronau, Dablander, Edelsbrunner & Baribault, 2016. We observed a main effect of RWA on ratings:…”

Section: Bayesian Resultsmentioning

confidence: 88%

Differentiated evaluation of counter-conditioned stimuli as a function of right-wing authoritarianism

Bret¹,

Beffara²,

Mierop³

et al. 2017

Preprint

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RWA is associated with higher social prejudice. It is unclear, however, (i) whether RWA plays a role in attitude acquisition or attitude change (or both), and (ii) whether it influences attitudes unrelated to in/outgroup concerns. We relied on an evaluative conditioning-then-counterconditioning paradigm simulating prejudice formation and change to examine this question. Neutral fictive group exemplars were first conditioned positively or negatively (attitude learning) and then counter-conditioned with the opposite valence (attitude change). We then measured the evaluative outcome of the conditioning and counter-conditioning phases. Experiment 1 (N=55) shows smaller attitude change in higher RWA. Experiment 2 (N=115) replicates and extends this finding to both social and less-social categories of stimuli, and rules out the role of contingency memory in the effect. Experiment 3 (N=399) shows that attitude change rather than attitude formation is the key contributor. A meta-analysis suggests that this RWA effect is mainly observed for negative attitude change.Keywords: socio-political ideologies, attitude formation, attitude change, evaluative conditioning, evaluative counter-conditioning. Highlights :RWA is linked with weaker attitude change.Weaker change is devoid from prior knowledge and social motivation.The change in deliberate evaluations and not attitude learning seems compromised. FundingThis research did not receive any specific grant from funding agencies in the public, commercial, or not for profit sectors.Right Wing Authoritarianism (RWA) is characterized by a covariation of authoritarian aggression, authoritarian submission, and conventionalism (Altemeyer, 1981). It is positively associated with negative attitudes about outgroups (Altemeyer, 1998, Duriez & Van Hiel, 2002, Duckitt & Sibley, 2007, Hodson, MacInnis, & Busseri, 2017. A core assumption in RWA theory is that social attitudes held by high RWA, besides being more polarized and prejudiced, are more stable in time and resistant to change after exposition to counter-attitudinal information. So far, however, the latter assumption has been examined for attitudes about existing social groups, which are associated with prior information and are relevant to a diversity of social motivations. Although such strategy has advanced our understanding of how RWA correlates with attitudes and attitudes change about socially meaningful groups, it has made it difficult to examine whether pure attitude learning and change mechanisms vary across RWA scores.The present research sought to provide answers to the latter questions by examining for the first time how RWA predicts attitude formation and change about a set of new, socially irrelevant, stimuli for which parameters such as prior knowledge, time and frequency of exposure, social relevance, or group variability are equated. This paradigmatic change allowed examining whether RWA predicts variations in attitude acquisition or attitude change (or both) and whether it does so as a function of the valence...

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Section: Bayesian Resultsmentioning

confidence: 88%

Differentiated evaluation of counter-conditioned stimuli as a function of right-wing authoritarianism

Bret¹,

Beffara²,

Mierop³

et al. 2017

Preprint

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“…Importantly, by performing Bayesian factor analyses, we were not only able to quantify the amount of evidence in favour of the effect under scrutiny, but we could also quantify the evidence in favour of the null hypothesis, something that cannot be achieved by means of NHST (Dienes, 2011;Etz et al, 2017;Rouder et al, 2009;Wagenmakers, 2007). Although the evidence in favour of a bias was very strong in the cued conditions, the evidence in favour of no effect in the no cue condition seemed weaker.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Choosing a narrower distribution (i.e., a lower value of r), would result in a high level of similarity between H 1 and H 0 , making the tests uninformative. Conversely, choosing an unreasonably wide distribution would result in the BF favouring the null too heavily, by placing too much weight on extreme effect size values (Etz et al, 2017;Rouder et al, 2009;Wagenmakers et al, 2017). In addition to calculating the BF, robustness checks and sequential analyses (combined with a robustness analysis) of the BF were carried out and visualized in plots.…”

Section: Statistical Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Involuntary attentional orienting to counterproductive exogenous cues

Evens¹,

Schettino²

2017

Preprint

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AcknowledgementsFirst and foremost, I would like to express my gratitude to my mentor, Antonio Schettino, for his ever present faith in me and for continuously challenging me. It was a pleasure to work with someone so contagiously enthusiastic. Thanks to you, my thesis was not only a very educational and most valuable experience that opened up a whole new world to me (shout-out to Bayes factors), but also a very enjoyable one. I appreciated the touch of humour hidden in your comments, the attention to detail, and the many helpful advises that made it possible for me to turn my thesis into something I am very proud of. I could not have wished for a better mentor, you are truly inspiring. I cannot thank you enough.I would also like to thank my promotor, Gilles Pourtois, for giving me the opportunity to be a part of this exciting research project in the first place.Furthermore, I would like to thank all the friends and family that have provided me with support and encouragement over the years. A special mention goes out to my dear friend Saskia Baes. A group assignment in our very first year of university was the start of a friendship I have grown to cherish. In the years that ensued, we have cried together and have celebrated together, and even in these last few weeks, I could always count on your support. Our joint library working-sessions were just what I needed to lift my spirits on low days and provide me with some fresh motivation. I would also like to thank Lucie Demolder, for some wonderful moments we have shared over the past few years. We have not been able to see much of each other lately, but my (and Saskia's) graduation will be a good excuse for us all to meet up again and celebrate (btw, we still have a to do list to finish!).Last but not least, I want to thank my parents for giving me the best opportunities in life and giving me the freedom to discover and pursue my interests. You have patiently put up with me occupying the whole kitchen table with my notes and supported (and tolerated) me in my most stressed out moments. But most of all, thank you for always believing in me, even at times when I did not. 2 AbstractIn the literature, there is an ongoing debate regarding the nature of attentional orienting towards non-reportable exogenous cues. Some argue that even though bottomup orienting can occur towards conscious stimuli, it is consistently modulated by endogenous factors in the case of unconscious stimuli. This would suggest that there may be no purely exogenous shifts of attention towards unconscious stimuli. In this thesis, we set out to provide compelling evidence for an automatic nature of attentional orienting towards non-reportable cues, independent from endogenous factors (e.g., attentional task set). To investigate this, an experiment employing the temporal order judgement (TOJ) paradigm was conducted, in which two line gratings of opposite orientation were presented on each side of a fixation, separated by various stimulus onset asynchronies (SOAs). Participants were required to repo...

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“…Sense anar tan lluny, moltes de les revistes tradicionals en Psico logia, com Psychological Science (APS), estan ampliant l'espai que dediquen a descriure els mètodes i els procediments, de manera que aquests puguen ser coneguts amb detall, al mateix temps que fomenten noves perspectives esta dístiques que eviten −o almenys compensen en certa mesura− els problemes associats als valors p i, en general, als tests de significació que es basen en la hipòtesi nul·la. Entre aquestes noves perspectives està l'ús adequat de l'anàlisi de potència, l'estudi de les grandàries de l'efecte amb intervals de confiança associats o, últimament, l'estadística bayesiana (Cumming, 2014;Etz, Gronau, Dablander, Edelsbrunner i Baribault, 2016;Wagenmakers, 2007).…”

Section: A) Polítiques Editorials Diferentsunclassified

Pot la psicologia rescatar-se a si mateixa?. Incentius, biaix i replicabilitat

Bregón¹,

López²,

Vadillo³

2018

Anuari de Psicologia

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ResumEn els últims anys la Psicologia està patint internament i externa una crisi important de credibilitat, a la qual tampoc han estat alienes altres cièn cies, com ara la Medicina o la Biologia. Diversos projectes de ciència de col·laboració suggereixen que una gran part dels resultats de la investigació són difícils de reproduir. Això ve acompanyat d'un conjunt de simulacions i anàlisis quantitatives que situen la quantitat de falsos positius per damunt del 50% del total de dades publicades en la literatura psicològica actual.En aquest breu treball realitzarem una anàlisi actualitzada de la situació i intentarem identificar les causes psicològiques que hi han contribuït. Entre aquestes destaquen, primer, un sistema d'incentius alineat més amb els inte ressos de promoció de l'investigador que no amb el descobriment i l'extensió d'una ciència transparent, fiable i reproduïble, i, segon, els biaixos individu pp. 231252 **** Sociedad para el Estudio de los Juicios y las Decisiones (SEJyD), @Sociedad EJyD.

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How to become a Bayesian in eight easy steps: An annotated reading list

Cited by 17 publications

References 22 publications

Differentiated evaluation of counter-conditioned stimuli as a function of right-wing authoritarianism

Differentiated evaluation of counter-conditioned stimuli as a function of right-wing authoritarianism

Involuntary attentional orienting to counterproductive exogenous cues

Pot la psicologia rescatar-se a si mateixa?. Incentius, biaix i replicabilitat

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