How to address smoking cessation in <scp>HIV</scp> patients

Calvo-Sánchez, María Dolores; Martínez, Estebán

doi:10.1111/hiv.12193

Cited by 19 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 80 publications

(96 reference statements)

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“…In clinical practice, a possible barrier hindering antismoking strategies may be related to time constraints. In this setting, smoking as a health issue is considered a lower priority due to the reduced amount of time available in PLWH [27]. On the contrary, HIV specialists should be given the tools to address the increasingly complex demands of comprehensive HIV care, considering the rising importance of HIV-associated non-AIDS conditions in the aging HIV population [28].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Smoking habits in HIV-infected people compared with the general population in Italy: a cross-sectional study

et al. 2020

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Background: Tobacco use is a leading cause of preventable diseases and death for all individuals, even more so for people living with HIV (PLWH), due to their status of chronic inflammation. To date, in Italy no study was performed to compare smoking habits in PLWH and the general population. We aimed to investigate smoking habits in PLWH, as compared to the general population. Methods: Multi-center cross-sectional study. Smoking habits were compared between PLWH and the general population. PLWH were enrolled in the STOPSHIV Study. The comparison group from the general population was derived from a survey performed by the National Statistics Institute (ISTAT), with a stratified random sampling procedure matching 2:1 general population subjects with PLWH by age class, sex, and macro-area of residence. Results: The total sample consisted of 1087 PLWH (age 47.9 ± 10.8 years, male 73.5%) and 2218 comparable subjects from the general population. Prevalence of current smokers was 51.6% vs 25.9% (p < 0.001); quitting smoking rate was 27.1% vs. 50.1% (p < 0.001) and the mean number of cigarettes smoked per day was 15.8 vs. 11.9 (p < 0.001), respectively for PLWH and the general population. Smoking and heavy smoking rates amongst PLWH were significantly higher even in subjects who reported diabetes, hypertension and extreme obesity (p < 0.001). Logistic regressions showed that PLWH were more likely current smokers (adjusted Odds Ratio, aOR = 3.11; 95% Confidence Interval (CI) =2.62-3.71; p < 0.001) and heavy smokers (> 20 cigarettes per day) (aOR = 4.84; 95% CI = 3.74-6.27; p < 0.001). PLWH were less likely to have quitted smoking (aOR = 0.36; 95% CI = 0.29-0.46; p < 0.001). Conclusion: HIV-infected patients showed a higher rate of current smokers, a larger number of cigarettes smoked and a lower quitting rate than the general population. Our findings emphasize the need for smoking cessation strategies targeting HIV persons.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Smoking habits in HIV-infected people compared with the general population in Italy: a cross-sectional study

et al. 2020

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“…22,23 We must not view lung cancer screening as an alternative to smoke cessation. 24 Although beyond the scope of this review, the British HIV Association has recently published a comprehensive review of how best to address smoking cessation efforts in PLWHA. 24 Included are practical methods to choose the best strategies for an individual patient and how to help the individual patient during the process.…”

Section: Lung Cancermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…24 Although beyond the scope of this review, the British HIV Association has recently published a comprehensive review of how best to address smoking cessation efforts in PLWHA. 24 Included are practical methods to choose the best strategies for an individual patient and how to help the individual patient during the process. As the authors strongly point out in the light of current evidence on the efficacy and benefits of stopping smoking in PLWHA, medical care givers must make smoking cessation a major focus in the day-to-day clinical care of PLWHA.…”

Section: Lung Cancermentioning

confidence: 99%

Cancer screening in women living with HIV infection

Aboulafia

2017

Womens Health (Lond Engl)

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The number of women living with HIV continues to increase. Thirty years into the AIDS epidemic, we now expect those with access to highly active antiretroviral to survive into their seventh decade of life or beyond. Increasingly, the focus of HIV care is evolving from preventing opportunistic infections and treating AIDS-defining malignancies to strategies that promote longevity. This holistic approach to care includes detection of malignancies that are associated with certain viral infections, with chronic inflammation, and with lifestyle choices. The decision to screen an HIV-infected women for cancer should include an appreciation of the individualized risk of cancer, her life expectancy, and an attempt to balance these concerns with the harms and benefits associated with specific cancer screening tests and their potential outcome. Here, we review cancer screening strategies for women living with HIV/AIDS with a focus on cancers of the lung, breast, cervix, anus, and liver.

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“…In addition to corroborating the high propensity of PLWHA towards cigarette smoking, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services estimate cigarette smoking to be responsible for loss of adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART) and increased chances of acquiring secondary illnesses and infections in PLWHA [ 2 , 3 ]. These adverse effects of cigarette smoking, along with the negative association of current smoking with learning, memory, and global cognitive function in PLWHA [ 4 ], have prompted the need and implementation of suitable intervention strategy for cigarette smoking cessation in PLWHA [ 5 – 7 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Cigarette Smoke Condensate on Oxidative Stress, Apoptotic Cell Death, and HIV Replication in Human Monocytic Cells

Rao¹,

Ande²,

Sinha³

et al. 2016

PLoS ONE

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While cigarette smoking is prevalent amongst HIV-infected patients, the effects of cigarette smoke constituents in cells of myeloid lineage are poorly known. Recently, we have shown that nicotine induces oxidative stress through cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2A6-mediated pathway in U937 monocytic cells. The present study was designed to examine the effect of cigarette smoke condensate (CSC), which contains majority of tobacco constituents, on oxidative stress, cytotoxicity, expression of CYP1A1, and/or HIV-1 replication in HIV-infected (U1) and uninfected U937 cells. The effects of CSC on induction of CYP1 enzymes in HIV-infected primary macrophages were also analyzed. The results showed that the CSC-mediated increase in production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in U937 cells is dose- and time-dependent. Moreover, CSC treatment was found to induce cytotoxicity in U937 cells through the apoptotic pathway via activation of caspase-3. Importantly, pretreatment with vitamin C blocked the CSC-mediated production of ROS and induction of caspase-3 activity. In U1 cells, acute treatment of CSC increased ROS production at 6H (>2-fold) and both ROS (>2 fold) and HIV-1 replication (>3-fold) after chronic treatment. The CSC mediated effects were associated with robust induction in the expression of CYP1A1 mRNA upon acute CSC treatment of U937 and U1 cells (>20-fold), and upon chronic CSC treatment to U1 cells (>30-fold). In addition, the CYP1A1 induction in U937 cells was mediated through the aromatic hydrocarbon receptor pathway. Lastly, CSC, which is known to increase viral replication in primary macrophages, was also found to induce CYP1 enzymes in HIV-infected primary macrophages. While mRNA levels of both CYP1A1 and CYP1B1 were elevated following CSC treatment, only CYP1B1 protein levels were increased in HIV-infected primary macrophages. In conclusion, these results suggest a possible association between oxidative stress, CYP1 expression, and viral replication in CSC-treated cells of myeloid lineage. This study warrants a closer examination of the role of CYP1B1 in smoking-mediated enhanced HIV replication.

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How to address smoking cessation in HIV patients

Cited by 19 publications

References 80 publications

Smoking habits in HIV-infected people compared with the general population in Italy: a cross-sectional study

Smoking habits in HIV-infected people compared with the general population in Italy: a cross-sectional study

Cancer screening in women living with HIV infection

Effects of Cigarette Smoke Condensate on Oxidative Stress, Apoptotic Cell Death, and HIV Replication in Human Monocytic Cells

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