How to achieve the optimal performance of capacitive deionization and inverted-capacitive deionization

Hu, Chi‐Chang; Hsieh, Chi-Feng; Chen, Yijing; Liu, Ching-Fang

doi:10.1016/j.desal.2018.05.013

Cited by 36 publications

(9 citation statements)

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“…In order to choose a suitable cell voltage for the charging and discharging processes, a charge balance process between positive (VO x -C) and negative (Ag-C) electrodes was carried out on the basis of eq : Q + = q + × m + = C + × normalΔ V + × m + = C − × normalΔ V − × m − = q − × m − = Q − where Q + and Q – indicate the total charges stored/delivered in the active materials on the positive and negative electrodes through the discharging process (salt-removing step) within the selected working potential windows (Δ V + and Δ V – ); q is indicative of the specific charge of positive ( q + ) or negative ( q – ) electrodes, and m + and m – are the mass loadings of active material on the positive and negative electrodes, respectively. By taking the VO x -C-NPC//Ag-C-NPC cell as an example, for the discharge process, the lower potential limit of the working potential window on the VO x -C-NPC electrode is selected to be 0 V (vs Ag/AgCl) due to the location of the reduction peak on the GCD curve.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…11 On the basis of the charge balance work obtained in the 8 mM LiCl solution, an ECDI configuration consisting of the positive electrodes of 5VO x -0C, 5VO x -0.3C, and 0.5VO x -1C and a negative electrode of Ag-C-NPC with the Ω pn values of 2.54, 3.54, and 2.57 were constructed, respectively. 54 For 5VO x -0C//Ag-C (Figure 5a), 5VO x -0.3C//Ag-C (Figure 5b), and 0.5VO x -1C//Ag-C (Figure 5c) cells, a reversible ion adsorption/release behavior was observed operated at relatively low charge/discharge voltages, 0.8 V/−0.2 V. From Figure 5d, the SAC values of the first cycle were 17.2 ± 1.5, 18.6 ± 0.5, and 27.5 ± 1.4 mg/g for 5VO x -0C//Ag-C, 5VO x -0.3C//Ag-C, and 0.5VO x -1C//Ag-C cells, respectively. Note that with the incorporation of Ag-C-NPC as the negative electrode the SAC value of 0.5VO x -1C//Ag-C dramatically increased, demonstrating the superior lithium-ion capturing ability of VO x .…”

Section: Effects Of Carbon On the Positive Electrodementioning

confidence: 99%

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Aerosol Synthesis of Vanadium Oxide-Carbon Hybrid Nanoparticle Clusters for High-Performance Lithium Extraction via Electrochemical Deionization

Chung

Huang

et al. 2022

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.

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An aerosol-based synthetic approach is demonstrated for the development of vanadium oxide-carbon hybrid nanoparticle clusters (VO x -C-NPCs) used for the fabrication of a unique electrochemical deionization (ECDI) cell. Hybrid ECDI cells are constructed with a positive electrode of pseudocapacitive VO x -C-NPCs and a negative electrode of battery-like silver− carbon nanoparticle clusters (Ag-C-NPCs). The reversible extraction of Li + ions and the storage of Cl − ions are conducted through Faradaic reactions on VO x -C-NPCs and Ag-C-NPCs, respectively. The surface of the VO x -C-NPC electrodes can be successfully protected by an anion-doped polypyrrole (PPy) film, by which the structural stability of VO x -C-NPC, in terms of the salt adsorption capacity (SAC) retention, is enhanced to 92%. Remarkably high SAC values of the hybrid ECDI cells are achievable in comparison to the reported values in the field: up to 27.5 mg/g for the bare VO x -C//Ag-C cell and 49.3 mg/g for the PPy-protected VO x -C//Ag-C cell. This work provides a prototype study for the rapid and continuous production of high-performance VO x -C-NPCs using aerosol-based synthesis supported by complementary material characterization. The mechanistic understanding of the material synthesis and the corresponding ECDI process shows promise for achieving an optimal deionization performance in terms of SAC and stability.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Effects Of Carbon On the Positive Electrodementioning

confidence: 99%

Aerosol Synthesis of Vanadium Oxide-Carbon Hybrid Nanoparticle Clusters for High-Performance Lithium Extraction via Electrochemical Deionization

Chung

Huang

et al. 2022

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.

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“…Most of the CDI electrodes are carbon materials (i.e., mainly composed by element carbon), such as activated carbon (Hu et al 2018), carbon aerogel (Zhu et al 2018), ordered mesoporous carbon (Chen et al 2018), activated carbon cloth and nanotubes (Li and Park 2018), graphene family (e.g., graphene sponge (Xu et al 2015) and graphene hydrogel (Ma et al 2018)), and carbon composite (Nie et al 2012), Carbon electrodes are well polarizable and typically with high specific surface area; however, their electrical conductivity strongly depends on the thermal treatment, microtexture, hybridization and content of heteroatoms. As presented in Table S2 (see Supplementary Information), the salt adsorption capacity (SAC) of carbon-based electrodes in conventional CDI varies between 5.0 and 49.3 mg g −1 .…”

Section: Effect Of Electrodes and Configurations On Desalination Performancementioning

confidence: 99%

Brackish water desalination using reverse osmosis and capacitive deionization at the water-energy nexus

et al. 2020

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In this article, we present a critical review of the reported performance of reverse osmosis (RO) and capacitive deionization (CDI) for brackish water (salinity < 5.0 g/L) desalination from the aspects of engineering, energy, economy and environment. We first illustrate the criteria and the key performance indicators to evaluate the performance of brackish water desalination. We then systematically summarize technological information of RO and CDI, focusing on the effect of key parameters on desalination performance, as well as energy-water efficiency, economic costs and environmental impacts (including carbon footprint). We provide in-depth discussion on the interconnectivity between desalination and energy, and the trade-off between kinetics and energetics for RO and CDI as critical factors for comparison. We also critique the results of technical-economic assessment for RO and CDI plants in the context of large-scale deployment, with focus on *Manuscript Click here to view linked References 2 lifetime-oriented consideration to total costs, balance between energy efficiency and clean water production, and pretreatment/post-treatment requirements. Finally, we illustrate the challenges and opportunities for future brackish water desalination, including hybridization for energy-efficient brackish water desalination, co-removal of specific components in brackish water, and sustainable brine management with innovative utilization. Our study reveals that both RO and CDI should play important roles in water reclamation and resource recovery from brackish water, especially for inland cities or rural regions.

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“…Carbon materials (Huang et al 2017) are commonly used for adsorption materials. The general carbon materials include activated carbon (Kim et al 2016;Hu et al 2018), graphene (Shi et al 2016), activated carbon fiber (Tian et al 2019), carbon aerogel (Quan et al 2017;Liu et al 2019) and carbon nanotubes (Lee et al 2018a(Lee et al , 2018b. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have been widely studied and discussed, because of their large specific surface area and good electrical conductivity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tio2 and carbon nanotubes composites modify capacitive deionization anodes to improve the dechlorination efficiency in desulfurization wastewater

Liu

Xu³

et al. 2021

Water Science and Technology

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A new capacitive deionization (CDI) technology was used to remove Cl− from desulfurization wastewater. TiO2 and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were combined with N-methyl pyrrolidone (NMP) to form composites by solvothermal method which is coated onto the CDI anode to improve the dechlorination efficiency (DE). The morphology, surface area, wettability, crystal structure and chemical composition of the TiO2/CNTs were characterized. It showed good hydrophilicity (contact angle: 85.9°), high specific surface area (96.68 m²/g) and high specific capacitance (87.6 F/g). The experimental results illustrated that the best DE was achieved by the composites (60%T/C) under 1.2 V with the maximum electrosorption capacity toward 6.5 mg/g, and the TiO2/CNTs composites have excellent stability. The adsorption kinetics analysis was explored and analyzed. Furthermore, TiO2/CNTs composites exhibit excellent DE in actual desulfurization wastewater. The catalysis and adsorption mechanisms of TiO2/CNTs anode were discussed in detail. This study provides a new direction for the application of TiO2/CNTs composites as adsorption materials of CDI in the Cl− of desulfurization wastewater.

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How to achieve the optimal performance of capacitive deionization and inverted-capacitive deionization

Cited by 36 publications

References 43 publications

Aerosol Synthesis of Vanadium Oxide-Carbon Hybrid Nanoparticle Clusters for High-Performance Lithium Extraction via Electrochemical Deionization

Aerosol Synthesis of Vanadium Oxide-Carbon Hybrid Nanoparticle Clusters for High-Performance Lithium Extraction via Electrochemical Deionization

Brackish water desalination using reverse osmosis and capacitive deionization at the water-energy nexus

Tio2 and carbon nanotubes composites modify capacitive deionization anodes to improve the dechlorination efficiency in desulfurization wastewater

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