How to achieve a highly selective yet simply available vanadium phosphorus oxide-based catalyst for sustainable acrylic acid production via acetic acid-formaldehyde condensation

Abstract

A series of unsupported and supported vanadium phosphorus oxide catalysts were prepared by employing a new strategy, which significantly reduced the complexity of catalyst preparation.

Sustainable Acrylic Acid Making via Acetic Acid–Formaldehyde Condensation: The Highly Selective and Durable VPO-TiO2 Catalyst Accomplished by VPO Phase Control and Wet Co-Mechanical Milling

“…Therefore, it could be a good candidate as a dispersant. Our recent study confirmed that the SiO 2 materials of different porosity displayed significant impact on the overall performance of the dispersed VPO entities for the target reaction. Al 2 O 3 possesses certain acidity and large surface area, it can be used as dopant/dispersant.…”

Synthesis of acrylic acid through aldol condensation of acetic acid with formaldehyde catalyzed by Bi‐,W‐ and Cs‐doped B2O3/SiO2 nanocomposites

“…On a δ‐VOPO 4 /γ‐VOPO 4 (w/w, 3/1) catalyst at 360 °C, the total yield of acrylic acid and methyl acrylate reached 84.2% at the formation rate of acrylic acid and methyl acrylate of 1.71 mmol g −1 h −1 13 . The δ‐VOPO 4 , γ‐VOPO 4 , β‐VOPO 4 and (VO) 2 P 2 O 7 components are taken as the active phases 10,12,13 …”

“…In addition to the alkali-based catalyst, vanadium-phosphorusoxide (V-P-O) also has an appreciably catalytic activity in the aldol condensation reaction. 3,[10][11][12][13] When V-P-O oxides catalyzed the aldol condensation reaction between acetic acid and formaldehyde with an acetic acid/formaldehyde molar ratio of 2.5:1 at 340 °C in a fixed-bed reactor, the total formation rate of both methyl acrylate and acrylic acid reached 11 μmol g cat −1 min −1 at the formaldehyde conversion of 60%. 10 On a ⊐-VOPO 4 /γ-VOPO 4 (w/w, 3/1) catalyst at 360 °C, the total yield of acrylic acid and methyl acrylate reached 84.2% at the formation rate of acrylic acid and methyl acrylate of 1.71 mmol g −1 h −1 .…”

“…13 The ⊐-VOPO 4 , γ-VOPO 4 , ⊎-VOPO 4 and (VO) 2 P 2 O 7 components are taken as the active phases. 10,12,13 When the aldol condensation reaction between acetic acid and formaldehyde (formalin, 37 wt% formaldehyde) with a molar ratio of 10:1 was conducted on a V-P-O/SiO 2 catalyst at 370 °C, the selectivity and yield of acrylic acid reached 97.8% and 21.9%, respectively. 14 When the aldol condensation reaction between acetic acid and formaldehyde (formalin, 38 wt% formaldehyde) with a molar ratio of 3:1 was carried out on HZSM-, SBA-15-and SiO 2 -supported V-P-O oxide catalysts in a fixed-bed microreactor at 330-370 °C, the V-P-O/SBA-15 catalyst showed the best catalytic activity with selectivities of acrylic acid of 90.8% and 70.2% at the formaldehyde conversions of 14.3% and 68.7%, respectively.…”

Coking and Deactivation Behavior of Ba–La-Modified Alumina in the Aldol Condensation of Methyl Acetate with Formaldehyde: Effect of the Reactant Composition

“…Acquiring a highly efficient and stable catalyst is the key to realizing this technique. Therefore, many different kinds of catalysts were tested by researchers, such as vanadium phosphorus oxides (VPO), − zeolites, , Cs/SiO 2 , − and alumina supported alkali or alkaline earth metals oxides. − Among them, alumina base catalysts exhibit excellent catalytic performance in aldol condensation due to their desirable textural properties and Lewis acid sites. Davis et al earlier prepared a series of cesium-based supported catalysts and applied them to the reaction of propionic acid and formaldehyde .…”