How the Volume of Traffic Affected Air Quality During the Extreme Event of COVID-19 Lockdown in a Small City

Abstract

The extreme traffic measures during the COVID-19 lockdown provided a unique opportunity to gain better insight into the relationship between traffic characteristics and NO2 concentrations in Maribor, a small Slovenian city. NO2, traffic and meteorological data were statistically processed in detail for March and April 2018, 2019 and 2020 to get a historical insight and to exclude the specifics of the lockdown period. The extreme event resulted in an average reduction of road traffic of 42%. The decrease in the number of passenger cars ranged from 33.9 to 60.3% per day with the largest decrease on the motorway. Daily averages of heavy goods traffic declined on the motorway and the expressway by 24.6% and 7%, respectively. Traffic characteristics were reflected in a 24–27% decrease in NO2 concentrations at the urban station. The change is smaller than the change in traffic volume, which could be explained by the change in the composition of the vehicle fleet due to the increase in NO2-dominant traffic sources, e.g. diesel heavy goods vehicles. The presented results are relevant for improving air quality and sustainable mobility management in small cities. They highlight the important role of reorganisation of heavy goods traffic in urban logistics.

Weekend effect of air pollutants in small and medium-sized cities: The role of policies stringency to COVID-19 containment

“…At the same time, we sought to meet the recommendations proposed by the WHO in its recent air quality guide (WHO, 2021), and to evaluate small and medium-sized cities with characteristic levels of pollution, greatly differentiating the classic studies performed in large urban centers. After the disclosure of this concern, there has been a growing number of studies investigating these areas and smaller cities ( Jesenko et al, 2022 ; Tavella et al, 2022a , 2022b ; Trček, 2022 ).…”