How the religious context affects the relationship between religiosity and attitudes towards immigration

Bohman, Andrea; Hjerm, Mikael

doi:10.1080/01419870.2012.748210

Cited by 62 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 46 publications

(53 reference statements)

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“…We discuss these sources of variability in subsequent sections. Furthermore, religiosity has sometimes been shown to predict left‐wing positions on torture and the death penalty (Malka and Soto, ; Malka et al, ) and “economic communitarianism” involving expressed concern for the well‐being of immigrants (Van Heuvelen & Robinson, ; see also Bohman & Hjerm, ). With respect to economics in particular, evidence does not suggest a durable link with right‐wing economic views (see Malka, , for a review).…”

Section: The Psychological Bases Of Political Preferencesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Contingent, Contextual Nature of the Relationship Between Needs for Security and Certainty and Political Preferences: Evidence and Implications

Federico

Malka

2018

Political Psychology

148

222

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Research on the dispositional origins of political preferences is flourishing, and the primary conclusion drawn from this work is that stronger needs for security and certainty attract people to a broad-based politically conservative ideology. Though this literature covers much ground, most integrative assessments of it have paid insufficient attention to the presence and implications of contingencies in the relationship between dispositional attributes and political attitudes. In this article, we review research showing that relationships between needs for security and certainty and political preferences vary considerably-sometimes to the point of directional shifts-on the basis of (1) issue domain and (2) contextual factors governing the content and volume of political discourse individuals are exposed to. On the basis of this evidence, we argue that relationships between dispositional attributes and political preferences vary in the extent to which they reflect an organic functional resonance between dispositions and preferences or identity-expressive motivation to adopt a political attitude merely because it is discursively packaged with other need-congruent attitudes. We contend that such a distinction is critical to gaining a realistic understanding of the origins and nature of ideological belief systems, and we consequently recommend an increased focus on issue-based and contextual variation in relationships between dispositions and political preferences.KEY WORDS: political preferences, ideology, needs for security and certainty, political expertise Why do individuals' political preferences lean to the left or to the right? To put it mildly, a great amount of social-scientific ink has been spilled addressing this question. Some perspectives suggest that political preferences are a function of interests associated with the positions of the social groups one belongs to, with members of more powerful groups adopting more conservative views (e.g., Bobo, 1999;Huber & Form, 1973;Kluegel & Smith, 1986; Marx & Engels, 1846/1970Runciman, 1966;Sears & Funk, 1991;Sidanius & Pratto, 1999;Weeden & Kurzban, 2014). Other approaches have focused more closely on social relationships, with a sizable body of research suggesting that people adopt the political attitudes and beliefs that are normative in the reference groups with which they identify (Berelson, Lazarsfeld, & McPhee, 1954;Merton, 1957;Newcomb, 1943) or common within their families or social networks (Huckfeldt, Johnson, & Sprague, 2004;Jennings & Niemi, 1981; Advances in Political Psychology, Vol. 39, Suppl. 1, 2018 doi: 10.1111 bs_bs_banner Jost, Ledgerwood, & Hardin, 2008;Sears & Levy, 2003). Last but not least, research in political science zeroes in on the role of political parties, arguing that individuals acquire the preferences enunciated by the leaders of the parties they identify with (Campbell, Converse, Miller, & Stokes, 1960;Goren, 2005;Lenz, 2013;Zaller, 1992). Approaches like these share a common thread: They focus on the social or contextua...

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Section: The Psychological Bases Of Political Preferencesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Contingent, Contextual Nature of the Relationship Between Needs for Security and Certainty and Political Preferences: Evidence and Implications

Federico

Malka

2018

Political Psychology

148

222

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“…Religion can be a source of a wide range of beliefs, attitudes and behaviors toward other individuals (Donahue & Nielsen, 2005). Psychological research has found complex relationships between measures of religiosity and measures of stereotype and prejudice (Allport, 1954(Allport, /1979Allport & Ross, 1967;Bohman & Hjerm, 2014;Gorsuch & Aleshire, 1974;Spilka, Hood, Hunsberger, & Gorsuch, 2003). Furthermore, some studies have shown that religious motivations have contributed to prosocial achievements, while others have shown that religious beliefs may reinforce prejudicial stereotypes and violent conflicts (Herek, 1987;Hunsberger, 1996;Silberman, 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Influence of Exposure to Religious Symbols on Out-Group Stereotypes

Razpurker‐Apfeld¹,

Shamoa‐Nir²

2015

PSYCH

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The influence of religious content on out-group stereotypes was examined in two experiments, using supraliminal priming. Jewish and Arab-Muslim students completed a search puzzle by which they were exposed to religious concepts, and then they filled questionnaires assessing their stereotypes. In Study 1 (N = 156), priming did not affect out-group stereotypes of Jewish participants. However, exposure to religious symbols had an influence on stereotypes among Muslim participants: They perceived Jewish people as more unpleasant when primed by Jewish symbols, and as more antagonistic when primed by Islamic symbols. Study 2 (N = 110) replicated these findings while ruling out the possibility that the null effect found for the Jewish group was due to reduced familiarity with out-group symbols. Thus, for the minority group, incidental exposure to religious concepts contributes to negative out-group stereotypes, and suggests the operation of implicit social cognition. The results also relate to models of stereotype content (Fiske et al., 2002), and motivation and opportunity (Fazio & Olson, 2014).

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“…Especially, for many White Americans, the vast number of immigrants from Hispanic and Asian nations may soon change the racial makeup of the nation, as there will likely be less than half of Americans who identify as White in the next decade or so (Berg 2014;Ben-Nun Bloom, Arikan, and Lahav 2015). The "threat" of immigration is perceived differently across demographic groups in the United States (Cabaniss and Cameron 2018;Bohman and Hjerm 2014;Nagel and Ehrkamp 2017;Chandler and Tsai 2001). Moreover, there are approximately 50 million legal and unauthorized immigrants, which is around a sixth of the entire country's population (Hoefer, Rytina, and Baker 2012).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

An Examination of the Attitudes towards Immigration across U.S. Demographic Groups

Yu¹

2018

Preprint

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What demographic backgrounds are associated with a person’s attitudes toward immigrants and immigration policies? Applying group threat theory and contact theory, I propose that race, age, education, political views, and religiosity all affect how people view immigration. To test the hypotheses, I analyze data from the 2014 General Social Survey, in which adults living in households in the United States are randomly selected and interviewed. A subset containing 1,022 respondents who answered every question relevant to this study is selected from the 2014 GSS. The univariate analysis shows that most Americans do not agree with the statement that immigrants undermine American culture, and that Americans are divided on whether the number of immigrants should be increased nowadays. The multivariate result indicates that education and political views are the most significant predictors of how one views immigrants and immigration policies, correspondingly, while race, age, and religiosity have no statistically significant relationships with either dependent variable. Statistical findings support the hypothesis that the more liberal a person is, the more likely the person is to agree that immigrants do not undermine American culture and to say that the number of immigrants nowadays should be increased. Contact theory is consistent with the result of this study. However, the findings also demonstrate that immigration is a complicated issue. This study is valuable in understanding the acceptance of immigrants across demographic groups. It also invites additional research on this important topic that will affect the future of the United States.

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How the religious context affects the relationship between religiosity and attitudes towards immigration

Cited by 62 publications

References 46 publications

The Contingent, Contextual Nature of the Relationship Between Needs for Security and Certainty and Political Preferences: Evidence and Implications

The Contingent, Contextual Nature of the Relationship Between Needs for Security and Certainty and Political Preferences: Evidence and Implications

The Influence of Exposure to Religious Symbols on Out-Group Stereotypes

An Examination of the Attitudes towards Immigration across U.S. Demographic Groups

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