How the parallel channels of the retina contribute to depth processing

Schiller, Peter H.; Slocum, Warren M.; Weiner, Veronica S.

doi:10.1111/j.1460-9568.2007.05740.x

Cited by 12 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 65 publications

(176 reference statements)

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“…A variety of behavioral experiments have been carried out that examined the functions of the midget and parasol systems. Some of these experiments have used visual stimulus conditions that selectively activated the midget or parasol systems (50,(66)(67)(68). Another set of experiments blocked the midget or parasol systems by making selective lesions in the parvocellular and magnocellular portions of the LGN (49,50,67).…”

Section: Behavioral Studies Examining Functions Of Midget and Parasolmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…S3 show that a midget system block had no effect on motion discrimination whereas the block of the parasol system created a major deficit. In another study, depth analysis based on motion parallax was examined, which showed that the parasol system plays a central role in processing this information (68).…”

Section: Behavioral Studies Examining Functions Of Midget and Parasolmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…S3 shows data obtained on stereoscopic depth perception, motion detection, and flicker detection. Stereoscopic depth perception has been studied extensively using random-dot stereograms as initially developed by Julesz (68,69). To study this in monkeys, the monkeys were trained to look through a stereoscope.…”

Section: Behavioral Studies Examining Functions Of Midget and Parasolmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Parallel information processing channels created in the retina

Schiller

2010

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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In the retina, several parallel channels originate that extract different attributes from the visual scene. This review describes how these channels arise and what their functions are. Following the introduction four sections deal with these channels. The first discusses the "ON" and "OFF" channels that have arisen for the purpose of rapidly processing images in the visual scene that become visible by virtue of either light increment or light decrement; the ON channel processes images that become visible by virtue of light increment and the OFF channel processes images that become visible by virtue of light decrement. The second section examines the midget and parasol channels. The midget channel processes fine detail, wavelength information, and stereoscopic depth cues; the parasol channel plays a central role in processing motion and flicker as well as motion parallax cues for depth perception. Both these channels have ON and OFF subdivisions. The third section describes the accessory optic system that receives input from the retinal ganglion cells of Dogiel; these cells play a central role, in concert with the vestibular system, in stabilizing images on the retina to prevent the blurring of images that would otherwise occur when an organism is in motion. The last section provides a brief overview of several additional channels that originate in the retina. midget channels | ON/OFF channels | parasol channels

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Section: Behavioral Studies Examining Functions Of Midget and Parasolmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Behavioral Studies Examining Functions Of Midget and Parasolmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Behavioral Studies Examining Functions Of Midget and Parasolmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Parallel information processing channels created in the retina

Schiller

2010

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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“…Thus, if stereopsis were solely a function of the magnocellular system it should be difficult to obtain with isoluminant colour stimuli. This prediction is contradicted by a number of studies which have found that stereopsis in both humans (Scharff and Geisler 1992;Kingdom 1994, 1995;Kingdom et al 1999) and monkeys (Schiller et al 2007) can indeed be obtained with isoluminant stimuli.…”

Section: Stereopsis and The Magnocellular Systemmentioning

confidence: 55%

Stereopsis and magnocellular sensitivity in schizophrenia

Skottun¹,

Skoyles

2009

The World Journal of Biological Psychiatry

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There is evidence to indicate that schizophrenic individuals, in addition to cognitive deficiencies, also suffer from visual deficits. These deficits, it has been proposed, are the result of a deficiency in the magnocellular portion of the early visual system. A number of approaches have been used in attempts to assess the sensitivity of the magnocellular system in individuals with schizophrenia. It has recently been proposed that magnocellular sensitivity can be tested by measuring stereo acuity, i.e. by measuring the accuracy with which visual depth can be detected based on differences in the retinal images in the two eyes. This suggestion was based on early claims which linked stereopsis, i.e. the visual perception of depth generated from differences in the two retinal images, to the magnocellular system. We here review more recent results which indicate that stereopsis and stereo acuity are more closely linked to the parvocellular system. It is concluded that stereo acuity is not an appropriate test for assessing magnocellular sensitivity. The present considerations undermine the claim that magnocellular deficits are linked to schizophrenia.

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“…Furthermore, our results approve the summation and interaction of both luminance and B-Y colour mediated depth perception mechanisms. However, a selective segregation of cortical visual areas where that can happen is possible only harmonising psychophysical results and data of objective methods of brain activity diagnostics [12,[22][23][24][25].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Howard–Dolman stereovision test at different opponent colour stimuli

Ozolinsh

Martín

Lauva

et al. 2011

Journal of Modern Optics

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The purpose of this study was to investigate visual depth perception of real physical colour stimuli with red-green and blue-yellow opponency. We modified the Howard-Dolman stereotest where subjects should determine the closer of two bars emitting the light of definite colour placed in front of a CRT monitor served as colour background. Two-alternative forced-choice paradigms were used to determine depth perception threshold values. Thresholds close to 5-10 arcsec for luminance and colour contrast stimuli were revealed both for red-green and blue-yellow stimuli. A term, stereosensitivity -a reciprocal magnitude of the stereothreshold -was introduced to separately analyse luminance and colour contrast contributions in total depth perception. Comparing stereo sensitivity values for different colour stimuli, stereo sensitivity in case of red-green is still better than comparing to blue-yellow colour contrast. The colour and luminance contrast in CIE L*a*b* units (at least in the restricted dynamic range) could be applicable as a psychophysical metric to characterise stereo sensitivity. We suppose the colour and luminance contrast guided stereo mechanisms as two additive contributions in total stereo sense. Stereosense thresholds are more sensitive to luminance contrast changes as compared with colour contrast changes (in L*a*b* metric).

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How the parallel channels of the retina contribute to depth processing

Cited by 12 publications

References 65 publications

Parallel information processing channels created in the retina

Parallel information processing channels created in the retina

Stereopsis and magnocellular sensitivity in schizophrenia

Howard–Dolman stereovision test at different opponent colour stimuli

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