How the embryonic chick brain twists

Chen, Zi; Guo, Qiaohang; Dai, Eric; Forsch, Nickolas; Taber, Larry A.

doi:10.1098/rsif.2016.0395

Cited by 8 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…[ 83 ] Together with the rotation of the heart loop, these processes are the first symmetry‐breaking events in embryogenesis. [ 84 ] The connection between tissue growth and the emergence of chirality is an expanding topic addressed in the references. [ 85 ]…”

Section: Curvature Emergence In Biologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Curvature in Biological Systems: Its Quantification, Emergence, and Implications across the Scales

et al. 2023

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Surface curvature both emerges from, and influences the behavior of, living objects at length scales ranging from cell membranes to single cells to tissues and organs. The relevance of surface curvature in biology has been supported by numerous recent experimental and theoretical investigations in recent years. In this review, we first give a brief introduction to the key ideas of surface curvature in the context of biological systems and discuss the challenges that arise when measuring surface curvature. Giving an overview of the emergence of curvature in biological systems, its significance at different length scales becomes apparent. On the other hand, summarizing current findings also shows that both single cells and entire cell sheets, tissues or organisms respond to curvature by modulating their shape and their migration behavior. Finally, we address the interplay between the distribution of morphogens or micro-organisms and the emergence of curvature across length scales with examples demonstrating these key mechanistic principles of morphogenesis. Overall, this review highlights that curved interfaces are not merely a passive by-product of the chemical, biological and mechanical processes but that curvature acts also as a signal that co-determines these processes.

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Section: Curvature Emergence In Biologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Curvature in Biological Systems: Its Quantification, Emergence, and Implications across the Scales

et al. 2023

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“…Moreover, in a normal embryo the brain turns rightward as the heart loop goes to the right-hand side whereas in an embryo with the heart loop pushed to the left-hand side at an early stage (i.e., before HH stage 12), the brain also turns leftward following another 20 h of incubation (Figure 3c in Ref. [12]), suggesting that the position of the heart resulted in the asymmetry in brain torsion.…”

Section: Representative Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Modern developmental biology research largely focuses on understanding development from the perspective of molecular genetics 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13 . It is known that physical phenomena play a central role in morphogenesis, or the generation of biological form 14,15,16,17 ; however, specific mechanical mechanisms of development remain largely unstudied.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Probing the Roles of Physical Forces in Early Chick Embryonic Morphogenesis

Grover

Dai

et al. 2018

JoVE

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Embryonic development is traditionally studied from the perspective of biomolecular genetics, but the fundamental importance of mechanics in morphogenesis is becoming increasingly recognized. In particular, the embryonic chick heart and brain tube, which undergo drastic morphological changes as they develop, are among the prime candidates to study the role of physical forces in morphogenesis. Progressive ventral bending and rightward torsion of the tubular embryonic chick brain happen at the earliest stage of organ-level left-right asymmetry in chick embryonic development. The vitelline membrane (VM) constrains the dorsal side of the embryo and has been implicated in providing the force necessary to induce torsion of the developing brain. Here we present a combination of new ex-ovo experiments and physical modeling to identify the mechanics of brain torsion. At Hamburger-Hamilton stage 11, embryos are harvested and cultured ex ovo (in media). The VM is subsequently removed using a pulled capillary tube. By controlling the level of the fluid and subjecting the embryo to a fluid-air interface, the fluid surface tension of the media can be used to replace the mechanical role of the VM. Microsurgery experiments were also performed to alter the position of the heart to find the resultant change in the chirality of brain torsion. Results from this protocol illustrate the fundamental roles of mechanics in driving morphogenesis.

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“…For example, it has been hypothesized that the twisting of the early brain is directly influenced by the rightward looping of the heart (which occurs later at stages 11–15), which has been supported with work done in chick embryos. [ 194 ] The correlation between brain and heart morphogenesis was further shown by perturbing the bending of the brain. This perturbation also influenced proper twisting of the brain and the looping in the heart, showing definitively that these structures are not wholly independent of each other and that mechanical stresses play a critical role in these morphogenetic events.…”

Section: Regulation and Control Of Mechanical Forces In Embryonic Morphogenesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Generation, Transmission, and Regulation of Mechanical Forces in Embryonic Morphogenesis

Sutlive

Xiu

Chen

et al. 2021

Small

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Embryonic morphogenesis is a biological process which depicts shape forming of tissues and organs during development. Unveiling the roles of mechanical forces generated, transmitted, and regulated in cells and tissues through these processes is key to understanding the biophysical mechanisms governing morphogenesis. To this end, it is imperative to measure, simulate, and predict the regulation and control of these mechanical forces during morphogenesis. This article aims to provide a comprehensive review of the recent advances on mechanical properties of cells and tissues, generation of mechanical forces in cells and tissues, the transmission processes of these generated forces during cells and tissues, the tools and methods used to measure and predict these mechanical forces in vivo, in vitro, or in silico, and to better understand the corresponding regulation and control of generated forces. Understanding the biomechanics and mechanobiology of morphogenesis will not only shed light on the fundamental physical mechanisms underlying these concerted biological processes during normal development, but also uncover new information that will benefit biomedical research in preventing and treating congenital defects or tissue engineering and regeneration.

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How the embryonic chick brain twists

Cited by 8 publications

References 51 publications

Curvature in Biological Systems: Its Quantification, Emergence, and Implications across the Scales

Curvature in Biological Systems: Its Quantification, Emergence, and Implications across the Scales

Probing the Roles of Physical Forces in Early Chick Embryonic Morphogenesis

Generation, Transmission, and Regulation of Mechanical Forces in Embryonic Morphogenesis

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