How the Earth's inner magnetosphere works: An evolving picture

Wolf, R. A.; Spiro, R. W.; Sazykin, S.; Toffoletto, F.

doi:10.1016/j.jastp.2006.07.026

Cited by 138 publications

(129 citation statements)

References 71 publications

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“…SAPS, however, are broader in latitude and lower in intensity than these sharp spikes in electric field and ionospheric flow. One hypothesis for the relationship between these phenomena is the localized intensification of the SAPS field as increased temperature enhances the ionospheric recombination rate and lowers the conductivity in the SAPS channel (Wolf et al 2007). …”

Section: Ring Current and Ionosphere And Thermospherementioning

confidence: 99%

Space Weather Effects Produced by the Ring Current Particles

2017

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One of the definitions of space weather describes it as the time-varying space environment that may be hazardous to technological systems in space and/or on the ground and/or endanger human health or life. The ring current has its contributions to space weather effects, both in terms of particles, ions and electrons, which constitute it, and magnetic and electric fields produced and modified by it at the ground and in space. We address the main aspects of the space weather effects from the ring current starting with brief review of ring current discovery and physical processes and the Dst-index and predictions of the ring current and storm occurrence based on it. Special attention is paid to the effects on satellites produced by the ring current electrons. The ring current is responsible for several processes in the other inner magnetosphere populations, such as the plasmasphere and radiation belts which is also described. Finally, we discuss the ring current influence on the ionosphere and the generation of geomagnetically induced currents (GIC).

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Section: Ring Current and Ionosphere And Thermospherementioning

confidence: 99%

Space Weather Effects Produced by the Ring Current Particles

2017

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“…[2] It has long been known that the southward interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) often causes penetration of convection electric field into the inner magnetosphere at the first several hours during magnetic storm [Kelley, 1989;Fejer, 2002;Wolf et al, 2007]. In recent years, the penetration electric field has been used extensively to interpret various disturbances in the midlatitude and low-latitude ionosphere [e.g., Kelley et al, 2003;Huang et al, 2005;Zhao et al, 2005Zhao et al, , 2008Wei et al, 2008a;Li et al, 2009Li et al, , 2010Guo et al, 2010;Huang, 2009;Zong et al, 2010].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In recent years, the penetration electric field has been used extensively to interpret various disturbances in the midlatitude and low-latitude ionosphere [e.g., Kelley et al, 2003;Huang et al, 2005;Zhao et al, 2005Zhao et al, , 2008Wei et al, 2008a;Li et al, 2009Li et al, , 2010Guo et al, 2010;Huang, 2009;Zong et al, 2010]. The duskward penetration electric field sometimes can be completely canceled by the dawnward shielding electric field in the ring current, which is called "perfect shielding" [Goldstein, 2006] or "goodshielding" [Wolf et al, 2007]. In analogy with it, the penetration of duskward convection electric field is alternatively named as "undershielding," while the case that shielding electric field dominates over penetration electric field is called "overshielding.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The transition to overshielding after sharp and gradual interplanetary magnetic field northward turning

Wei

Wan

et al. 2011

J. Geophys. Res.

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[1] Overshielding is referred to a shielding status, during which the dawnward shielding electric field dominates over the duskward penetration electric field in the inner magnetosphere, typically appearing when the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) suddenly turns northward after a prolonged southward orientation. It is expected that the transition to overshielding after IMF northward turning can be affected by the shape of northward turning (sharp or gradual). Moreover, the initial shielding status (undershielding or goodshielding) prior to the transition may also have influence on the transition. Here we analyze two groups of cases, in which the transitions appear after sharp (duration less than 5 min) and gradual (duration more than 30 min) northward turning. Each group includes two cases, in which the transition initiated from undershielding and goodshielding. These cases show that (1) the beginning of the transition to overshielding coincides with sharp IMF northward turning but appears in the midst of gradual IMF northward turning; (2) the transition from goodshielding to overshielding is always associated with convection electric field drop and/or polar cap shrinkage, regardless of the shape of IMF northward turning; and (3) the typical solar wind condition in which the IMF suddenly turns northward after a prolonged southward orientation is neither a necessary condition nor a sufficient condition for overshielding. Furthermore, we will discuss the effect of substorm processes on overshielding.

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“…This feature is formed after ∼1 h of simulations and can be interpreted as a result of shielding from enhanced electric field (Southwood & Wolf, 1978). Shielding is also manifested by the skewing of the equipotential lines in the morning sector Wolf et al, 2007). At t = 2.93 h, the polar cap potential drops substantially, and the RC-imposed electric field becomes apparent.…”

Section: Coupling Of the Crcm With Batsrus Mhdmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…The corresponding transport equations are usually written in terms of bounce-averaged quantities. This approach is sometimes referred to as 'drift physics' approach and has proven to be very useful in describing the plasma population of inner magnetosphere with energies 14 www.intechopen.com from tens of eV to hundreds keV (e.g., Wolf et al (2007)). Ring current models can also incorporate losses due to loss cone, charge exchange, Coulomb interactions, and interactions between different species due to wave activity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%