How the change of OMe substituent position affects the performance of spiro-OMeTAD in neutral and oxidized forms: theoretical approaches

Ashassi-Sorkhabi, Habib; Salehi-Abar, Parvin

doi:10.1039/c8ra01879k

Cited by 37 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…Figure 3(a) shows the UV-vis spectrum of oxidized samples, along with which a spectrum for a pristine sample was also plotted for comparison. The appearance of the broad peak at around 500 nm indicated the indeed oxidization of HTL 31 . The peak in the range from 600 to 800 nm shifted with the increase of the process time, implies the higher oxidization degree of HTL with the treatment time 25 .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rapid Oxidation of the Hole Transport Layer in Perovskite Solar Cells by A Low-Temperature Plasma

Wang

Zhang

et al. 2019

Sci Rep

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Herein we report a strategy of rapid oxidation of the hole transport layer (HTL) in perovskite solar cells by using oxygen/argon mixture plasma. This strategy offers a promising approach for simple manufacturing, mass production, and industrial applications. Compared to the conventional process of overnight oxidation, only ~10 s of oxygen/argon mixture plasma treatment is enough for the solar cell devices with FTO/ETL/perovskite/HTL/Au structure demonstrating a high power conversion efficiency. It is found that the high concentration of atomic oxygen generated in plasma oxidizing the HTL improves the conductivity and mobility, and therefore the process time is considerably shortened. This novel approach is compatible with continuous mass production, and it is suitable for the fabrication of large-area perovskite solar cells in the future.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rapid Oxidation of the Hole Transport Layer in Perovskite Solar Cells by A Low-Temperature Plasma

Wang

Zhang

et al. 2019

Sci Rep

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“…In the beginning, the synthetic methods of perovskite layers on the films comparison of PSCs under different conditions difficult. [25][26][27][28] New HTLs with 2D materials helped us to analyze the role of 2D perovskite materials accurately. We observed that direct contact of the 2D materials with either 3D perovskite layers or HTL was not necessary because significant improvements were observed by inserting insulating layers next to 2D materials and avoiding direct contact between them.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phenethylamine‐Based Interfacial Dipole Engineering for High V_oc Triple‐Cation Perovskite Solar Cells

Kim

Sato

Ohkura

et al. 2021

Advanced Energy Materials

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were the main concern, and a variety of fabrication processes were suggested, such as anti-solvent and two-step methods. [1][2][3][4] Researchers shifted focus from synthetic methods to additional treatments on the existing perovskite layers that provide high PCEs and performance since the discovery of multiple processes to obtain flawless and homogeneous perovskite films. [5][6][7][8][9][10][11] 2D perovskite materials, such as phenethylamine halides (PEAX), have been favored by researchers lately for surface treatments. [8,[12][13][14] The surface treatment using the 2D materials significantly improves general photovoltaic properties of 3D perovskites. However, the working mechanism of surface treatments using 2D materials remains unclear. The surface passivation effect best explains the positive effects of surface treatments on 3D perovskites. [13][14][15][16] 2D perovskites existing either in the 3D perovskite grain boundaries or on the top of perovskite surfaces reduce the defects in 3D perovskites because the defect sites mostly exist near the grain boundaries. Multiple research groups reported improved stability against air and moisture because the rigid and robust low-dimensional materials protected perovskite layers. [13,[15][16][17] A recent report by You et al. suggested that unannealed phenethylamine iodide (PEAI) was more effective for surface passivation than annealed PEAI. [8] You et al. claimed that the 2D perovskite materials fabricated using heat were less effective compared to other 2D perovskites. However, many other reports state that the 2D perovskite materials were effective in surface treatments irrespective of their fabrication process. [15,16,[18][19][20] As the clear reasons behind this have not manifested, the right way of using these materials in PSCs has not still been established.The term passivation used in many reports regarding PSCs is also ambiguous and blended with the term interlayers. [21,22] Especially, 2D perovskite materials coated on the perovskite layers such as PEAX are often referred to passivation layers because they are highly reactive with perovskite layers to form protective layers. [8,23,24] Herein, we propose a mechanism for the application and analysis of 2D perovskite materials in surface treatments. We developed new hole transport layers (HTLs) consisting of a mixture of two small molecules having donor-acceptor (D-A) structures instead of using spiro-OMeTAD, a typical HTL for PSCs. This is because the electronic properties of spiro-OMeTAD dynamically change over time due to its self-oxidization making the precise Surface modification of 3D hybrid perovskites using 2D perovskites, such as phenethylamine halides (PEAX), increases the overall power conversion efficiency (PCE) and stability of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). The effect is based on a surface passivation phenomenon where PEAX is in direct contact with the perovskite and hole transport layer (HTL). However, it is herein observed that the PCE of PSCs containing PEAX increases significantly when they a...

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“…The peaks for all samples at around 390 nm can be attributed to the absorption of spiro-OMeTAD. The broad peak around 500 nm shown in Figure b is believed as the indicator for the generation of oxidized spiro-OMeTAD (spiro-OMeTAD + ), so the pristine spiro-OMeTAD does not have this absorption peak. , However, the spiro-OMeTAD oxidized by KMnO 4 has higher absorption around 500 nm than the spiro-OMeTAD oxidized by O 2 , indicating that KMnO 4 can rapidly oxidize spiro-OMeTAD and provide a higher yield.…”

Section: Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dual Functional Doping of KMnO₄ in Spiro-OMeTAD for Highly Effective Planar Perovskite Solar Cells

Yang

Liu

et al. 2019

ACS Appl. Energy Mater.

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Hole-transport layer (HTL) plays a crucial role in the photovoltaic performance of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). In order to improve the function property of HTLs, we first use potassium permanganate (KMnO 4 ) as a dopant for the oxidization of 2,2′,7,7′tetrakis(N,N-p-dimethoxyphenylamino)-9,9′-spirobifluorene (spiro-OMe-TAD). The reaction between KMnO 4 and spiro-OMeTAD produces the oxidized-state spiro-OMeTAD, which enhances the conductivity and adjusts the energy level of HTL. The dual functions of KMnO 4 dopant bring high photovoltaic performance of the devices. The planar PSC based on photoactive layer of mixed-cation−anion perovskite and hole-transport layer of spiro-OMeTAD doped with 1.0 mol % KMnO 4 achieves a power conversion efficiency of 20.03%. Meanwhile, the hysteresis effect of the device is greatly suppressed. The simple and low-cost processing and significant performance improvement render this method promising.

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How the change of OMe substituent position affects the performance of spiro-OMeTAD in neutral and oxidized forms: theoretical approaches

Abstract: Effect of changing the position of OMe substituent on the electrochemical and optical properties of spiro-MeOTAD hole conductor in neutral and oxidized forms for use in perovskite solar cells.

Cited by 37 publications

References 40 publications

Rapid Oxidation of the Hole Transport Layer in Perovskite Solar Cells by A Low-Temperature Plasma

Rapid Oxidation of the Hole Transport Layer in Perovskite Solar Cells by A Low-Temperature Plasma

Phenethylamine‐Based Interfacial Dipole Engineering for High V_oc Triple‐Cation Perovskite Solar Cells

Dual Functional Doping of KMnO₄ in Spiro-OMeTAD for Highly Effective Planar Perovskite Solar Cells

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How the change of OMe substituent position affects the performance of spiro-OMeTAD in neutral and oxidized forms: theoretical approaches

Abstract: Effect of changing the position of OMe substituent on the electrochemical and optical properties of spiro-MeOTAD hole conductor in neutral and oxidized forms for use in perovskite solar cells.

Cited by 37 publications

References 40 publications

Rapid Oxidation of the Hole Transport Layer in Perovskite Solar Cells by A Low-Temperature Plasma

Rapid Oxidation of the Hole Transport Layer in Perovskite Solar Cells by A Low-Temperature Plasma

Phenethylamine‐Based Interfacial Dipole Engineering for High Voc Triple‐Cation Perovskite Solar Cells

Dual Functional Doping of KMnO4 in Spiro-OMeTAD for Highly Effective Planar Perovskite Solar Cells

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Phenethylamine‐Based Interfacial Dipole Engineering for High V_oc Triple‐Cation Perovskite Solar Cells

Dual Functional Doping of KMnO₄ in Spiro-OMeTAD for Highly Effective Planar Perovskite Solar Cells