How status and stereotypes impact attributions to discrimination: The stereotype-asymmetry hypothesis

O’Brien, Laurie T.; Kinias, Zoe; Major, Brenda

doi:10.1016/j.jesp.2006.12.003

Cited by 46 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 27 publications

(43 reference statements)

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“…First, the present findings do not imply that members of low status groups will always see more discrimination than members of high status groups. When an ingroup member is rejected by an outgroup member, the available research suggests that low and high status groups see equivalent amounts of discrimination (Major, Gramzow, et al, 2002;O'Brien, Kinias, & Major, 2008). Second, we do not expect that members of low status groups will perceive discrimination if a powerful ingroup member rejects another ingroup member who has been disloyal to the ingroup in some way.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 83%

Why did you choose that person over me? Ingroup rejection and attributions to discrimination

O’Brien¹,

Major²,

Simon³

2012

Journal of Experimental Social Psychology

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 83%

Why did you choose that person over me? Ingroup rejection and attributions to discrimination

O’Brien¹,

Major²,

Simon³

2012

Journal of Experimental Social Psychology

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“…This prototype is fed by several characteristics of the event and of the individuals involved (Major and Sawyer 2009). One of these characteristics is that behaviour is more likely to be attributed to discrimination in situations that are characterized by stereotype asymmetry (O'Brien et al 2008). According to this hypothesis, the victim is more likely to perceive discrimination in a situation where he/she expects to be stereotyped negatively than in a situation where he/ she expects to be stereotyped positively.…”

Section: Views On Ageing and Perceived Age Discriminationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In line with such a view, a study by Inman (2001) revealed that victims perceive discrimination especially in situations in which they are surprised, meaning that people with a positive view on themselves are more likely to feel discriminated against because of their age. However, it has been argued that congruent effects might better describe the relation in everyday life situations that usually are relatively ambiguous (O'Brien et al 2008), and when long-term outcomes of views on ageing are considered (Rothermund 2005).…”

Section: Views On Ageing and Perceived Age Discriminationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, views on ageing might also vary in their quality (i.e. manifest themselves differently) in different age groups (North and Fiske 2013;O'Brien et al 2008) and thus provide different prototypes of discrimination for different age groups (Major and Sawyer 2009). For example, views of old people as being frail and helpless may become dominant only in very old age, whereas views of young-old or middle-aged adults may indicate reduced fitness or stamina, which may not yet have direct implications for (perceived) age discrimination in medical care contexts.…”

Section: Domain Specificity Of the Relation Of Views On Ageing And Pementioning

confidence: 99%

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Relations between views on ageing and perceived age discrimination: a domain-specific perspective

Voss

Wolff

Rothermund³

2016

Eur J Ageing

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This study investigates the relation between age stereotypes and perceived age discrimination. Existing evidence for such a relation is notoriously ambiguous with regard to its direction-age stereotypes can predict (perceived) discrimination, but experiencing discrimination may also change views on ageing-which is why we used a dataset with two waves to disentangle the direction of the associations. Considering research on the multi-dimensionality of views on ageing and perceived age discrimination, we addressed this question from a domain-and age group-specific perspective. Drawing on data from two measurement points of the German Ageing Survey (DEAS; t 1 : 2008, t 2 : 2011; age range at t 1 : 40-93 years, n = 6092 participants at t 1 ), we examined reciprocal relations between views on ageing and perceived age discrimination. Cross-lagged models revealed that domain-specific views on ageing predict subsequent changes in perceived discrimination in corresponding domains: Negative views on ageing regarding personal competence, physical decline, and social interactions were associated with increases in perceived discrimination in the domains of work, medical care, and social life, respectively. However, we did not find evidence for a reciprocal effect of perceived age discrimination on views on ageing. In sum, results indicate that negative views on ageing act as self-fulfilling prophecies by predisposing people to categorize other people's behaviour as age discrimination or to act themselves in a way that might elicit ageist behaviour in others.

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“…Studies in the field of Social Psychology have addressed issues related to gender stereotypes, such as that men tend to be less emotionally sensitive than women (Leyens et al, 2000), or the effect of such stereotypes in workplace discrimination (O'Brien et al 2008). Helwig (1998) showed that, despite changes in society that have seen more and more women functioning as head of the household, working outside the home, children continue to stereotype occupations along gender lines.…”

Section: The Female Stereotypementioning

confidence: 99%

The female political leader

Ponton

2010

JLP

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This work examines the linguistic construction of gender identity in the discourse of Margaret Thatcher. Identity is defined in the terms of Bucholtz and Hall (2005) as an 'emergent' phenomenon, depending on local contexts of interaction. In analysing the contributions by media figures to processes of identity construction recourse is made to the theories of Turner and Oakes (e.g. 1989) in the field of social identity theory. Interviewers' questions are examined for what they reveal about identity presuppositions. Mrs Thatcher at times plays along with these presuppositions, ignores them, or objects to them. Her answers tell us something about the identity she wishes to construct. The work focuses on Thatcher's first major political breakthrough; her conquest of the Conservative leadership in 1975. The toolkit for examining identity in discourse proposed by Bucholtz and Hall (2005) is adopted, and Corpus Linguistics and the Appraisal Framework of Martin and White (2005) are used in support of the selected tools.

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How status and stereotypes impact attributions to discrimination: The stereotype-asymmetry hypothesis

Cited by 46 publications

References 27 publications

Why did you choose that person over me? Ingroup rejection and attributions to discrimination

Why did you choose that person over me? Ingroup rejection and attributions to discrimination

Relations between views on ageing and perceived age discrimination: a domain-specific perspective

The female political leader

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