How Simian Virus 40 Hijacks the Intracellular Protein Trafficking Pathway to Its Own Benefit … and Ours

Abstract

Viruses efficiently transfer and express their genes in host cells and evolve to evade the host’s defense responses. These properties render them highly attractive for use as gene delivery vectors in vaccines, gene, and immunotherapies. Among the viruses used as gene delivery vectors, the macaque polyomavirus Simian Virus 40 (SV40) is unique in its capacity to evade intracellular antiviral defense responses upon cell entry. We here describe the unique way by which SV40 particles deliver their genomes in the nucleus of permissive cells and how they prevent presentation of viral antigens to the host’s immune system. The non-immunogenicity in its natural host is not only of benefit to the virus but also to us in developing effective SV40 vector-based treatments for today’s major human diseases.

Insane in the Membrane: Glial Extracellular Vesicles Transmit Polyomaviruses

“…Subsequently, the endosomes transfer their JCPyV particles to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) (by fusion?). In the ER lumen, JCPyV particles undergo partial uncoating prior to retrotranslocation into the cytosol and eventual traffic of viral DNA into the nucleus for replication, similarly to what has been reported with SV40 particles (14).…”

Squaring the EMC – how promoting membrane protein biogenesis impacts cellular functions and organismal homeostasis

“…The SV40 viral particle consists of a nonenveloped capsid that shields the genetic information of the virus. Following receptor-mediated endocytosis, the SV40 virion traffics from endolysosomes to the ER, where it breaches the ER membrane and translocates into the nucleus (reviewed in Toscano and de Haan, 2018). How the ER-to-cytoplasmic transition occurs mechanistically still remains largely enigmatic, but it does depend on ER-resident J proteins (DNAJB12, DNAJB14, DNAJC18), the cytosolic Hsc70-SGTA-Hsp105 chaperone complex, as well as EMC1 (Bagchi et al, 2016).…”

Transplantation for Primary Hyperoxaluria Type 1: Designing New Strategies in the Era of Promising Therapeutic Perspectives

“…51 Intravenous administration of SVac (a vector derived from macaque polymavirus SV40) in mice and non-human primates resulted in the expression of an applied gene in the liver. 52,53 Since PH1 is associated with a liver specific gene defect, PH1…”