How Should We Grade Cervical Disk Degeneration? A Comparison of Two Popular Classification Systems

Abstract

Introduction Despite being originally developed for the evaluation of lumbar disk degeneration, the Pfirrmann classification has emerged as the most popular classification system for cervical disk degeneration. However, with the Suzuki classification, a new classification system that is specifically tailored for the evaluation of cervical disk disease was introduced. In this study, we aim to evaluate differences in inter- and intraobserver reliability of both classifications in a head-to-head comparison. Methods In total, we have evaluated 120 cervical disks within 40 patients via magnetic resonance imaging according to the Pfirrmann and Suzuki classification. The degree of disk degeneration was evaluated by two independent musculoskeletal radiologists. After 6 months, the classification was reassessed to evaluate the intraobserver reliability. The inter- and intraobserver reliabilities were then calculated using Cohen's kappa. Results The inter- and intraobserver reliability provided a significant agreement between all ratings in Pfirrmann as well as the Suzuki classification (p>0.001). The interobserver reliability was determined to be fair in both the Suzuki classification (κ=0.290) and the Pfirrmann classification (κ=0.265). The intraobserver reliability was substantial in the Suzuki classification (κ=0.798), while it was almost perfect in the Pfirrmann classification (κ=0.858). Conclusions Although not designed for the evaluation of cervical disk degeneration, the Pfirrmann classification yielded equal inter- and higher intraobserver reliability. Both classification systems are viable options for the grading of cervical disk degeneration. While the Pfirrmann classification has the advantage of being better established, the Suzuki classification may be clinically superior due to a better representation of cervical disk degeneration and the consideration of disk bulging for the classification of cervical disk degeneration.

Regenerative Capability of Human Nucleus Pulposus Cells in Degenerated Disc Under Hydrostatic Pressure Mimicking Physiologically Relevant Intradiscal Pressure In Vitro

“…First, we extended the Pfirrmann grading originally defined for lumbar IVDD to the cervical IVDD, which was validated in a prior report. 27 To further support the Pfirrmann grades, we demonstrated the difference in the sGAG density between Pfirrmann grades 2 to 3 and 4. Given the clinical application, further optimization should be needed with other factors that affect the degree of degeneration.…”

“…First, we extended the Pfirrmann grading originally defined for lumbar IVDD to the cervical IVDD, which was validated in a prior report 27. To further support the Pfirrmann grades, we demonstrated the difference in the sGAG density between Pfirrmann grades 2 to 3 and 4.…”