How serious a problem is subsoil compaction in the Netherlands? A survey based on probability sampling

Abstract

Abstract. Although soil compaction is widely recognized as a soil threat to soil resources, reliable estimates of the acreage of overcompacted soil and of the level of soil compaction parameters are not available. In the Netherlands data on subsoil compaction were collected at 128 locations selected by stratified random sampling. A map showing the risk of subsoil compaction in five classes was used for stratification. Measurements of bulk density, porosity, clay content and organic matter content were used to compute the relative bulk density and relative porosity, both expressed as a fraction of a threshold value. A subsoil was classified as overcompacted if either the relative bulk density exceeded 1 or the relative porosity was below 1. The sample data were used to estimate the means of the two subsoil compaction parameters and the overcompacted areal fraction. The estimated global means of relative bulk density and relative porosity were 0.946 and 1.090, respectively. The estimated areal fraction of the Netherlands with overcompacted subsoils was 43 %. The estimates per risk map unit showed two groups of map units: a "low-risk " group (units 1 and 2, covering only 4.6 % of the total area) and a "high-risk" group (units 3, 4 and 5). The estimated areal fraction of overcompacted subsoil was 0 % in the lowrisk unit and 47 % in the high-risk unit. The map contains no information about where overcompacted subsoils occur. This was caused by the poor association of the risk map units 3, 4 and 5 with the subsoil compaction parameters and subsoil overcompaction. This can be explained by the lack of time for recuperation.

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“…Normally, subsoil compaction is caused by the tillage system and the plow pan formed at the plow depth is considered as an indicator of subsoil compaction [55]. In this case, the plow pan in P8 (power harrow) was closer to the Cumulative rain for the complete observation period surface, promoting the cumulation of excess water at the surface; however, because the slope was smaller than P4 and P5, soil deposition could have occurred before reaching the bottom levels of the plot.…”

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“…Van den Akker et al (2013) geeft aan dat bij een groot deel van de landbouwgrond het risico op ondergrondverdichting matig tot groot is. Brus et al (2018) geeft aan dat 43% van de landbouwgrond is verdicht. Deze studie geeft tevens aan dat gangbare wiellasten tevens ondergrondverdichting geven dieper als 40 cm (Brus et al, 2018).…”

“…Brus et al (2018) geeft aan dat 43% van de landbouwgrond is verdicht. Deze studie geeft tevens aan dat gangbare wiellasten tevens ondergrondverdichting geven dieper als 40 cm (Brus et al, 2018). De bodemverdichting wordt dus mede veroorzaakt door grote en zware mechanisatie.…”

“…De bodemverdichting wordt dus mede veroorzaakt door grote en zware mechanisatie. Brus et al (2018) benoemt dat berijden van slechts een deel van het perceel ondergrondverdichting kan beperken. In de praktijk geeft dit voor onbereden beddenteelt een beter perspectief.…”

“…In de praktijk geeft dit voor onbereden beddenteelt een beter perspectief. Uit Brus et al (2018) blijkt tevens het natuurlijk herstel tijd vraagt. Op basis van Håkansson et al (1994) wordt gesteld dat herstel van de bovengrond tot een diepte van 40 cm een periode van 10 jaar vergt.…”