“…Despite good sensitivity and selectivity, their drawbacks related to low reproducibility, complexity of enzyme immobilization process, activity vulnerability, and high cost have been limited their large-scale practical applications [3,4]. Much effort has been devoted to the design and exploitation of non-enzymatic sensors based on direct electrocatalysis of electrode materials through noble metals, metal alloys, transition metal oxides/hydroxides, or conductive polymers [1,5] assembled through both bottom-up and top-down, as well as mixed strategies, to avoid such issues [6]. Copper-based materials have been widely used both bottom-up and top-down, as well as mixed strategies, to avoid such issues [6].…”