How secular is Europe?

Halman, Loek; Draulans, Veerle

doi:10.1111/j.1468-4446.2006.00109.x

Cited by 178 publications

(115 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Regarding sociodemographic variables, our findings from Brazilian population are in line with previous findings from other countries (mainly US) indicating that female gender 7,8 and aging are related to higher religious involvement 7,9 . Subjects above 60 years old rated the highest level of religion's importance, but that was not the case for church attendance.…”

supporting

confidence: 82%

“…Several studies performed in the United States (US) have found a positive association between religious involvement with female gender, aging and with AfricanAmerican ethnicity 8,9 . However, there is a scarcity of studies on this issue performed outside the US 7 . It remains unknown if these associations between religiousness with gender, aging and race are also true in other cultures.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To improve health care and research it is important to know how religious involvement is distributed among clinical and general populations. Populational studies have shown high religiousness/spirituality in the US and lower but still significant rates among European countries 7 . Several studies performed in the United States (US) have found a positive association between religious involvement with female gender, aging and with AfricanAmerican ethnicity 8,9 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Envolvimento religioso e fatores sociodemográficos: resultados de um levantamento nacional no Brasil

Moreira‐Almeida¹,

Pinsky²,

Zaleski³

et al. 2010

Rev. psiquiatr. clín.

123

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Background:The relationship between religious involvement and health has been subject to an increasing interest. However, studies investigating religious involvement are scarce outside United States and Europe. Objectives: This study describes religious involvement in the Brazilian population and its relationship with sociodemographic variables. Methods: In a Brazilian nationally probabilistic sample (n = 3,007), religious involvement variables and sociodemographic factors were assessed. Results: Five percent of Brazilians reported having no religion, 83% considered religion very important in their lives, and 37% attended religious services at least once a week. The most frequent affiliations were Catholicism (68%), Protestant/Evangelicals (23%), and Kardecist Spiritism (2.5%). Ten percent reported attending more than one religion. In line with studies in other countries, older age and female gender were independently associated with higher levels of subjective and organizational religiousness after controlling for other sociodemographic factors. However, educational level, income and black race were not independently associated with religious involvement variables. Discussion: This study shows high levels of religious involvement among Brazilians and suggests that religiousness may have different associations with other variables across different cultures. To better understand the influence of religion on health, it is necessary to expand this kind of survey to other cultures.

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supporting

confidence: 82%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Envolvimento religioso e fatores sociodemográficos: resultados de um levantamento nacional no Brasil

Moreira‐Almeida¹,

Pinsky²,

Zaleski³

et al. 2010

Rev. psiquiatr. clín.

123

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…This might be even more the case nowadays, where the process of its decreasing relevance seems still to be ongoing (Halman and Draulans 2006;Koenig and Wolf 2013;Schwinn 2013). However, Weber showed that, at least in the past, a certain religious belief provided a spiritual basis on which modern capitalism could grow.…”

Section: The Protestant Ethic and Capitalismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reconceptualizing Profit-Orientation in Management: A Karmic View on ‘Return on Investment’ Calculations

Köllen

2016

Philosophy of Management

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From the perspective of the present day, Puritan-inspired capitalism seems to have succeeded globally, including in India. Connected to this, short-term profit-orientation in management seems to constrain the scope of different management approaches in a tight ideological corset. This article discusses the possibility of replacing this Puritan doctrine with the crucial elements of Indian philosophy: Karma and samsara. In doing so, the possibility of revising the guiding principles in capitalist management becomes conceivable, namely the monetary focus of profit-orientation and its short-term orientation. This perspective allows a detachment of the concept of profit from the realm of money, as the seemingly only objectifiable measure of profit. Furthermore it allows a removal of the expectation that every Binvestment^has to directly Bpay off^. A karmic view offers management a possible facility for being more caring about the needs and fates of other stakeholders, as profit-orientation would no longer be attached as a factual constraint to merely accumulate money.

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“…Arts and Halman, 2004;Bréchon, 2004Bréchon, , 2013a or Europe as a whole. Many of these studies of whole Europe have used survey data from the European Values Studies (EVS) (Bréchon, 2013b;Halman, 2003;Halman and Draulans, 2006;Halman and Riis, 2002;Lambert, 2004), and other international databases or surveys (Greeley, 2003;Pickel and Muller, 2009;Pollack, 2008;Pollack, Muller and Pickel, 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Religiosity in Europe: an index, factors, and clusters of religiosity

Coutinho¹

2016

SPP

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This paper has three aims. The first aim is to measure religiosity across all European countries through an index that combines beliefs, practices, and attitudes. The second aim is to analyse the strength of societal factors on religiosity, including modernisation, communist rule, national identity, religious pluralism, and religious freedom. The final aim is to group European countries by religiosity and to characterise each cluster by dominant religions and these five societal factors. Based on EVS 2008, it was applied multivariate analysis to reach these aims. Cluster 1 is mainly composed of Orthodox, Muslims, and Catholics; cluster 2 of Catholics, Orthodox, and people without religion; cluster 3 by people without religion, Protestants, and Catholics. Across clusters, the degree of human development, religious pluralism, and religious freedom increase, while the degree of national identity decreases. Keywords religiosity, Europe, European Values Study (EVS).Resumo Este artigo tem três objetivos. Primeiro: medir a religiosidade em todos os países europeus através de um índice que combina crenças, práticas e atitudes. Segundo: analisar o impacto de fatores sociais sobre a religiosidade, incluindo a modernização, o regime comunista, a identidade nacional, o pluralismo religioso e a liberdade religiosa. Terceiro: agrupar os países europeus pela religiosidade e caracterizar cada grupo pelas religiões dominantes e por estes cinco fatores sociais. Com base no EVS 2008 aplicou-se uma análise multivariada para atingir estes objetivos. O grupo 1 compõe-se principalmente de ortodoxos, muçulmanos e católicos; o grupo 2 de católicos, ortodoxos e sem religião; o grupo 3 de pessoas sem religião, protestantes e católicos. Observando os grupos, os graus de desenvolvimento humano, pluralismo religioso e liberdade religiosa aumentam enquanto o grau de identidade nacional baixa. Palavras-chave religiosidade, Europa, European Values Study (EVS).Résumé Cet article a trois objectifs. Premièrement : mesurer la religiosité dans tous les pays d'Europe, au moyen d'un indice qui combine croyances, pratiques et attitudes. Deuxièmement : analyser l'impact de facteurs sociaux sur la religiosité, à savoir la modernisation, le régime communiste, l'identité nationale, le pluralisme religieux et la liberté religieuse. Troisièmement : regrouper les pays d'Europe selon la religiosité et caractériser chaque groupe selon les religions dominantes et les cinq facteurs analysés. À partir de l'enquête EVS 2008, une analyse multivariée a été appliquée pour atteindre ces objectifs. Le groupe 1 se composait essentiellement d'orthodoxes, de musulmans et de catholiques ; le groupe 2 de catholiques, d'orthodoxes et de sans religion ; le groupe 3 de personnes sans religion, de protestants et de catholiques. Quand on observe ces groupes, les niveaux de développement humain, de pluralisme religieux et de liberté religieuse augmentent à mesure que le niveau d'identité nationale diminue. Mots-clés religiosité, Europe, enquête sur les valeurs des Europée...

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How secular is Europe?

Cited by 178 publications

References 19 publications

Envolvimento religioso e fatores sociodemográficos: resultados de um levantamento nacional no Brasil

Envolvimento religioso e fatores sociodemográficos: resultados de um levantamento nacional no Brasil

Reconceptualizing Profit-Orientation in Management: A Karmic View on ‘Return on Investment’ Calculations

Religiosity in Europe: an index, factors, and clusters of religiosity

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