1795-1873), a founder of clinical neurology [1], is now remembered mostly for his postural test, in which patients with proprioceptive impairment are unable to stand with their feet together when their eyes are shut. His great textbook of neurology, published from 1840 onwards [2], was translated by the Anglo-German neurologist, Edward Sieveking [3] and published in English in 1853 [4]. Romberg's contributions identifying the role of proprioception in postural control were derived from clinical observations and autopsy pathology. He made clever deductions about the likely mechanisms responsible for normal postural stability and its disturbance. He wrote about vertigo [5,6], but even though he was a contemporary of Flourens (1794-1867), perhaps the first vestibular researcher [7], he did not recognize vertigo as a vestibular symptom.He mentions Flourens, but only in reference to his work on cerebellar rather than peripheral vestibular ablations. Details of how the vestibular system really works started to be