How Rhythmic Skills Relate and Develop in School-Age Children

Bonacina, Silvia; Krizman, Jennifer; White-Schwoch, Travis; Nicol, Trent; Kraus, Nina

doi:10.1177/2333794x19852045

Cited by 26 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…, a self-report Rhythm scale (generated from an additional questionnaire), and a well-established assessment of musical sophistication48 . These results also converge with findings from prior work in small samples that show shared variance among task performance of beat synchronization, rhythm perception, and musical engagement/training49,[83][84][85][86] . The phenotypic associations were robust to demographic factors (age, sex, level of education) and confidence (both as a personality trait and as confidence in assessing one's own tapping accuracy), and were not driven by the presence of professional musicians in the sample.…”

supporting

confidence: 89%

Genome-wide association study of musical beat synchronization demonstrates high polygenicity

Niarchou

Gustavson

Sathirapongsasuti

et al. 2019

Preprint

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30 †Joint supervision 31 32 2 33Abstract 34 35While timing and rhythm-related phenotypes are heritable, the human genome 36 variations underlying these traits are not yet well-understood. We conducted a genome-37 wide association study to identify common genetic variants associated with a self-38 reported musical rhythm phenotype in 606,825 individuals. Rhythm exhibited a highly 39 polygenic architecture with sixty-eight loci reaching genome-wide significance 40 (p<5x10 -8 ) and SNP-based heritability of 13%-16%. Polygenic scores for rhythm 41 predicted the presence of musician-related keywords in the BioVU electronic health 42 record biobank. Genetic associations with rhythm were enriched for genes expressed in 43 brain tissues. Genetic correlation analyses revealed shared genetic architecture with 44 several traits relevant to cognition, emotion, health, and circadian rhythms, paving the 45 way to a better understanding of the neurobiological pathways of musicality. 46 47 48 49 50We conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS) to identify common 73 genetic variants associated with a self-reported musical rhythm phenotype, i.e. "Can 74 you clap in time with a musical beat?", collected from 606,825 individuals participating in 75 research with the personal genetics company 23andMe, Inc. We then validated this self-76 reported phenotype in a separate internet-based behavioural study conducted in 724 77 individuals and found that it was significantly correlated with rhythm perception (Online 78 Methods). In the GWAS, a total of 68 independent SNPs surpassed the threshold for 79 genome-wide significance (p<5x10 -08 ). In addition to determining which genes were 80 implicated by these variants, we estimated how much of the total phenotypic variance 81 could be explained by all variation across the genome (i.e., SNP-based heritability). We 82 then further explored this heritability to test the hypothesis that variants associated with 83 rhythm were enriched among genes expressed in brain compared to genes expressed 84 in other tissues (e.g., muscle, adipose, etc.), and furthermore enriched in genes 85 expressed in neurons compared to other brain cell types (e.g., oligodendrocyte, 86 astrocyte). 87Using an independent sample of 67,441 genotyped individuals from the 88 Vanderbilt University Medical Center biobank, BioVU, we tested whether a cumulative 89 sum of the genetic effects for rhythm detected in our GWAS (i.e., rhythm polygenic 90 score), was significantly associated with an indication of musician status in the 91 electronic health record (EHR). Because little is yet known about the relationship of the 92 genomics of rhythm to other traits, we also performed exploratory genetic correlation 93 analysis including 764 complex traits for which a well-powered GWAS has been 94 performed and deposited in LDHub 16 . Finally, we evaluated the contribution to rhythm 95 deviation increase in the rhythm discrimination test). In the remainder of the paper, the 122 "rhythm" trait in our study refers to the self-reported b...

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supporting

confidence: 89%

Genome-wide association study of musical beat synchronization demonstrates high polygenicity

Niarchou

Gustavson

Sathirapongsasuti

et al. 2019

Preprint

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“…We predicted that older children and children with a higher RA would benefit more strongly from the prime regularity, resulting in enhanced grammaticality judgments after regular compared to irregular primes. This prediction is based on evidence that rhythmic processing skills improve with age (Bonacina et al, 2019;Drake et al, 2000;Ireland et al, 2018;McAuley et al, 2006), and documented links between reading skills and rhythmic processing skills (Bekius et al, 2016;Dellatolas et al, 2009;Moreno et al, 2009;Taub & Lazarus, 2012).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Rhythmic priming of grammaticality judgments in children: Duration matters

Fiveash

Bedoin

Lalitte

et al. 2020

Journal of Experimental Child Psychology

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Highlights • Rhythmic primes (32 s) improved grammaticality judgments for 7-to 9-year-olds • Performance increased with age after 32 s regular (but not irregular) primes • Reading age was correlated with performance after shorter, regular primes (8s, 16s) • The optimal prime duration for this age range is at least 32 s • Links to temporal attention, language processing, and development are discussed

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“…The clapping in time with feedback task was performed using Interactive Metronome technology. Methodological details of the first six tasks may be found in Tierney and Kraus (2015) and Bonacina et al. (2019).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…If the number appears in one of these boxes (point to the red and yellow boxes on the RIGHT side of the screen) it means that you clapped after the sound. “ For the analysis we focused only on the first minute of performance to be consistent with Bonacina et al. (2018, 2019).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…When thinking about rhythmic activities, various tasks may come to mind, such as tapping to a beat or an entire rhythmic sequence or clapping hands and tapping feet to a familiar piece of music. While one may think that proficiency in one rhythm task is transferable to all rhythmic tasks, recent studies have shown that an individual’s performance varies across different rhythmic activities; that is, the same person may perform well in one rhythmic task yet struggle in another (Bonacina et al., 2019; Dalla Bella et al., 2017; Tierney & Kraus, 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Clapping in Time With Feedback Relates Pervasively With Other Rhythmic Skills of Adolescents and Young Adults

et al. 2021

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Rhythmic expertise is a multidimensional skill set with clusters of distinct rhythmic abilities. For example, the ability to clap in time with feedback relates extensively to distinct beat- and pattern-based rhythmic skills in school-age children. In this study we aimed to determine whether clapping in time would relate to both beat- and pattern- based rhythmic tasks among adolescents and young adults. We assessed our participants on seven tasks: two beat-based tasks (Metronome and Tempo adaptation), two pattern-based tasks (Reproducing rhythmic patterns and Remembering rhythmic patterns), a self-paced drumming task, a task of drumming to a music beat, and a clapping in time task. We found that clapping in time correlated with all other rhythmic tasks, even though some were not mutually related to one another. These results provide insight into the taxonomy of rhythmic skills and support the practice of clapping in time with feedback as a means of developing broad spectrum rhythmic abilities.

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How Rhythmic Skills Relate and Develop in School-Age Children

Cited by 26 publications

References 27 publications

Genome-wide association study of musical beat synchronization demonstrates high polygenicity

Genome-wide association study of musical beat synchronization demonstrates high polygenicity

Rhythmic priming of grammaticality judgments in children: Duration matters

Clapping in Time With Feedback Relates Pervasively With Other Rhythmic Skills of Adolescents and Young Adults

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