How rheological properties affect fine-line screen printing of pastes: a combined rheological and high-speed video imaging study

Xu, Chenhui; Willenbacher, Norbert

doi:10.1007/s11998-018-0091-2

Cited by 41 publications

(76 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…Corresponding data shown in Figure 5a reveal that the paste structure is irreversibly damaged during high shear in Section II. Similar results have been previously reported for silver [24] and ZnO pastes [30]. The degree of irreversible damage is generally controlled by the interactions among solid particles, thixotropic agent and binder [39].…”

Section: Rheological Properties Of Model Vehicles and Model Silver Pasupporting

confidence: 88%

“…The degree of irreversible damage is generally controlled by the interactions among solid particles, thixotropic agent and binder [39]. Here, this change in structure is more pronounced for the pastes than for the vehicles and increases with increasing T-Max content as already reported for ZnO pastes [30]. Additionally, we have determined the modulus G' in Section III, 20 s after cessation of high shear deformation.…”

Section: Rheological Properties Of Model Vehicles and Model Silver Pamentioning

confidence: 57%

“…A three-interval shear test as suggested in [16] and later used in [17,21,24,30] was performed to characterize the structural recovery after large shear deformation. Here, the degree of recovery is calculated as the ratio of G' fin obtained as the limiting G' value in Section III and G' ini determined in Section I.…”

Section: Rheological Properties Of Model Vehicles and Model Silver Pamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The flow properties of screen-printing silver pastes and concepts relating to the control of yield stress and shear thinning behavior via the above-mentioned polymeric additives have been discussed in various studies [27][28][29][30]. It is generally accepted that screen-printing pastes should exhibit a substantial degree of shear thinning [16,17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Differences in wetting properties among the pastes were not addressed in this study. Recently, the effect of paste rheology during the screen-printing process was directly investigated in a combined rheological and high-speed video imaging study [30]. Screen-printing ZnO pastes, including different types and concentrations of thixotropic agent and binder, on a glass substrate confirmed that the length of the pre-injection zone is inversely proportional to the yield stress, whereas the length of the cling zone was linearly related to the filament rupture strain.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Rheology and Screen-Printing Performance of Model Silver Pastes for Metallization of Si-Solar Cells

2018

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Further strong growth of solar energy conversion based on PV (photovoltaic) technology requires constant improvement to increase solar cell efficiency. The challenge in front-side metallization of Si-solar cells is to print uniform fine lines with a high aspect ratio to achieve higher efficiencies simultaneously with a reduced consumption of raw materials. An in-depth understanding of the relationship between paste composition, rheology and screen-printed line morphology is essential. Three model pastes with similar silver content and corresponding vehicles differing in their thixotropic agent content were investigated. Rheological properties (yield stress, viscosity, wall slip velocity, structural recovery, and fracture strain) were determined using steady and oscillatory shear, as well as elongational flow rheometry. Pastes were screen-printed at various speeds through a layout screen including line widths between 20 and 55 µm. Dried fingers were analyzed with respect to line width, aspect ratio (AR) and cross-sectional area. Our investigations reveal that minor changes of thixotropic agent result in substantial variations of the paste’s flow properties. However, this only weakly affects the line morphology. Irrespective of printing speed or finger opening, AR is slightly increasing; i.e., the screen-printing process is robust against changes in paste rheology.

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Section: Rheological Properties Of Model Vehicles and Model Silver Pasupporting

confidence: 88%

Section: Rheological Properties Of Model Vehicles and Model Silver Pamentioning

confidence: 57%

Section: Rheological Properties Of Model Vehicles and Model Silver Pamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Rheology and Screen-Printing Performance of Model Silver Pastes for Metallization of Si-Solar Cells

2018

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Impact of Triple Roll Milling Processing Parameters on Fluidic/Rheological and Electrical Properties of Aqueous Graphene Ink

Kumar

Bhatt

et al. 2020

Adv Eng Mater

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Graphene ink is a potential candidate for the printing of electronic devices. Rheological studies of graphene inks are necessary to estimate and tune the behavior of ink during and after printing. Ink constituents and their fundamental properties play an important role in modifying the rheological behavior of ink. During the processing of ink, modification of these properties takes place. So, it is quite important to investigate the role of processing equipment on the ink constituents and correspondingly on the rheological behavior of ink and printed functional devices. Herein, graphene ink formulation through a triple roll mill (TRM) is presented. The particle size of graphene ink reduces substantially with both the speed of rollers and number of passes. Approximately 52% reduction in particle size is observed after five passes at the highest roller speed, and it further reduces up to 72% with an increase in the number of passes. Correspondingly, solvent loss, density, and viscosity of the inks are observed in respect of roller speed and number of passes. The impact of TRM parameters on ink constituents, rheology, and electrical properties of screen‐printed resistors is discussed and explained in terms of simple analytical models.

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Substrate‐Versatile Direct‐Write Printing of Carbon Nanotube‐Based Flexible Conductors, Circuits, and Sensors

Owens

Headrick

Williams

et al. 2021

Adv Funct Materials

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Manufacturing of printed electronics relies on the deposition of conductive liquid inks, typically onto polymeric or paper substrates. Among available conductive fillers for use in electronic inks, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have high conductivity, low density, processability at low temperatures, and intrinsic mechanical flexibility. However, the electrical conductivity of printed CNT structures has been limited by CNT quality and concentration, and by the need for nonconductive modifiers to make the ink stable and extrudable. This study introduces a polymer-free, printable aqueous CNT ink, and, via an ambient direct-write printing process, presents the relationships between printing resolution, ink rheology, and ink-substrate interactions. A model is constructed to predict printed feature sizes on impermeable substrates based on Wenzel wetting. Printed lines have conductivity up to 10 000 S m −1 . The lines are flexible, with <5% change in DC resistance after 1000 bending cycles, and <3% change in DC resistance with a bending radius down to 1 mm. Demonstrations focus on i) conformality, via printing CNTs onto stickers that can be applied to curved surfaces, ii) interactivity using a CNT-based button printed onto folded paper structure, and iii) capacitive sensing of liquid wicking into the substrate itself. Facile integration of surface mount components on printed circuits is enabled by the intrinsic adhesion of the wet ink.

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How rheological properties affect fine-line screen printing of pastes: a combined rheological and high-speed video imaging study

Cited by 41 publications

References 39 publications

Rheology and Screen-Printing Performance of Model Silver Pastes for Metallization of Si-Solar Cells

Rheology and Screen-Printing Performance of Model Silver Pastes for Metallization of Si-Solar Cells

Impact of Triple Roll Milling Processing Parameters on Fluidic/Rheological and Electrical Properties of Aqueous Graphene Ink

Substrate‐Versatile Direct‐Write Printing of Carbon Nanotube‐Based Flexible Conductors, Circuits, and Sensors

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