How Patient-Perpetrated Workplace Violence Leads to Turnover Intention Among Nurses: The Mediating Mechanism of Occupational Stress and Burnout

Laeeque, Syed Harris; Bilal, Atif; Babar, Samreen Fahim; Khan, Zoya; Rahman, Saif Ul

doi:10.1080/10926771.2017.1410751

Cited by 55 publications

(59 citation statements)

References 72 publications

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“…Stress resulting from patient care was associated with a composite burnout score [73]. Patient violence also had an impact on burnout, measured with CBI [81], as did conflict with patients [76].…”

Section: Psychological Demands and Job Complexitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Burnout measured on a composite score was associated with a higher intention to leave [96]. Laeeque et al reported that burnout, captured with CBI, related to intention to leave [81]; Estryn-Behar et al used the same scale to measure burnout and found that high burnout was associated with higher intention to leave in all countries, except for Slovakia [102]. Burnout, measured with the Malach-Pines Scale, was associated with intention to quit, and stronger associations were found for nurses who had higher perceptions of organisational politics [103].…”

Section: Staff Outcomes and Job Performancementioning

confidence: 99%

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Burnout in nursing: a theoretical review

et al. 2020

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Background: Workforce studies often identify burnout as a nursing 'outcome'. Yet, burnout itself-what constitutes it, what factors contribute to its development, and what the wider consequences are for individuals, organisations, or their patients-is rarely made explicit. We aimed to provide a comprehensive summary of research that examines theorised relationships between burnout and other variables, in order to determine what is known (and not known) about the causes and consequences of burnout in nursing, and how this relates to theories of burnout. Methods: We searched MEDLINE, CINAHL, and PsycINFO. We included quantitative primary empirical studies (published in English) which examined associations between burnout and work-related factors in the nursing workforce. Results: Ninety-one papers were identified. The majority (n = 87) were cross-sectional studies; 39 studies used all three subscales of the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) Scale to measure burnout. As hypothesised by Maslach, we identified high workload, value incongruence, low control over the job, low decision latitude, poor social climate/ social support, and low rewards as predictors of burnout. Maslach suggested that turnover, sickness absence, and general health were effects of burnout; however, we identified relationships only with general health and sickness absence. Other factors that were classified as predictors of burnout in the nursing literature were low/inadequate nurse staffing levels, ≥ 12-h shifts, low schedule flexibility, time pressure, high job and psychological demands, low task variety, role conflict, low autonomy, negative nurse-physician relationship, poor supervisor/leader support, poor leadership, negative team relationship, and job insecurity. Among the outcomes of burnout, we found reduced job performance, poor quality of care, poor patient safety, adverse events, patient negative experience, medication errors, infections, patient falls, and intention to leave. Conclusions: The patterns identified by these studies consistently show that adverse job characteristics-high workload, low staffing levels, long shifts, and low control-are associated with burnout in nursing. The potential consequences for staff and patients are severe. The literature on burnout in nursing partly supports Maslach's theory, but some areas are insufficiently tested, in particular, the association between burnout and turnover, and relationships were found for some MBI dimensions only.

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Section: Psychological Demands and Job Complexitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Staff Outcomes and Job Performancementioning

confidence: 99%

Burnout in nursing: a theoretical review

et al. 2020

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“…Furthermore, workplace violence in this sector could be related to turnover intention through occupational stress first and then burnout22: regarding this, Kim e t al 23 suggested that the prevention of workplace violence is one way of reducing burnout in the healthcare sector.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gender differences in reporting workplace violence: a qualitative analysis of administrative records of violent episodes experienced by healthcare workers in a large public Italian hospital

et al. 2019

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ObjectivesThis study aims to analyse, from a descriptive and qualitative point of view, the episodes of violence reported by healthcare workers (HCWs) in a large public Italian hospital. Qualitative analysis permits us to collect the victims’ words used to describe the event and the ways in which they dealt with it. A comparison between genders was performed to better understand what type of different strategies could be used to improve the prevention of workplace violence for HCWs.Design and settingThe retrospective observational study was carried out in ‘Città della Salute e della Scienza’, a complex of four interconnected hospitals situated in Northern Italy. This study analysed aggression data from the 4-year period of 2015–2018 that included all HCW categories. The data were obtained from the aggression reporting form.ParticipantsThe analysed records were supplied by 396 HCWs (3.6% of all HCWs in the hospital).ResultsMale HCWs aged <30 years did not report violent episodes that occurred in the workplace, while male HCWs with 6–15 years of work experience reported more violent episodes than their female counterparts. Among the HCW professions, nursing was the profession, in which HCWs were more prone to experience a violent episode, while male medical doctors were more prone to report violent episodes than female medical doctors. Moreover, female HCWs experienced more verbal violence (insults) than male HCWs did, while male HCWs experienced more physical violence (bodily contact) than female HCWs did.ConclusionsThe findings from this explorative study suggest that there is a gender difference in the characteristics of workplace violence perpetrated by patients, patients’ relatives and visitors and in the way in which these episodes are described. Consequently, it is important for informative and preventive courses to consider gender differences in experiencing a violent episode.

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“…In another cross-sectional survey conducted in Australia ( n = 888), nursing students who experienced bullying or harassment suffered negative feelings of anxiety, inadequacy, anger, embarrassment, humiliation, depression, and fear (Budden et al 2017 ). In a study of nurses from Pakistan ( n = 216), patient perpetrated violence was significantly related to occupational stress ( r = 0.61, p < 0.01), BO ( r = 0.63, p < 0.01), and intent-to-leave the profession ( r = 0.59, p < 0.01) (Laeeque et al 2018 ). Budden et al ( 2017 ) pleaded that “educational institutions have a duty of care to protect students of the health professions from workplace violence during clinical placement” (p. 126).…”

Section: Concept Analysis Of Compassion Fatiguementioning

confidence: 99%

A comprehensive review of compassion fatigue in pre-licensure health students: antecedents, attributes, and consequences

Chachula

2020

Curr Psychol

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Compassion fatigue has been documented in the nursing and allied health literature as an emerging issue for health professionals. Little is known regarding the experience of compassion fatigue in undergraduate, pre-licensure students entering health care professions. This study used Walker and Avant's concept analysis methodology to explain antecedents, attributes, and consequences of compassion fatigue in undergraduate, pre-licensure students. Exploration of the published literature from January 1992-April 2020 occurred using systematic review criteria based on the Joanna Briggs Institute. Findings revealed three antecedents that included: Coping Ability; Self-Efficacy; and Clinical and Occupational Hazards. Three defining attributes of compassion fatigue included: Psychological Stress; Witnessing Negative Experiences of Others; and Depression. Consequences included: Decreased Well-Being; and Program Withdrawal and Intention-to-Leave. The results offer new perspectives and opportunities for research in pre-licensure health studies undergraduate students expected to uphold the values of their professional program prior to entry into the workforce.

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How Patient-Perpetrated Workplace Violence Leads to Turnover Intention Among Nurses: The Mediating Mechanism of Occupational Stress and Burnout

Cited by 55 publications

References 72 publications

Burnout in nursing: a theoretical review

Burnout in nursing: a theoretical review

Gender differences in reporting workplace violence: a qualitative analysis of administrative records of violent episodes experienced by healthcare workers in a large public Italian hospital

A comprehensive review of compassion fatigue in pre-licensure health students: antecedents, attributes, and consequences

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