“…Parents’ tutoring anxiety may be associated with their social comparison and perceived online academic futility. Frequent social comparison may produce negative emotions (e.g., anxiety, dissatisfaction, deprivation, anger) (Blanton, 2001 ; Crosby, 1976 ; Lockwood & Kunda, 1997 ; Olson et al, 1986 ) and reduce parents’ happiness (Yen et al, 2020 ). At the same time, scholars point out that these negative emotions (e.g., tutoring anxiety) make parents doubt their children’s online learning performance and reduce parental perceived online learning effects (Harjule et al, 2021).…”