How optimal PMU placement can mitigate cascading outages blackouts?

Abstract

Summary The conventional optimal PMU placement (OPP) methods minimize the number of PMUs along with guarantying full observability of the system. However, various OPP schemes with the same number of PMUs obtained for a power system have different performances in emergency conditions. Cascading outages as the major cause of recent large blackouts cancel out full observability of the system and decrease situational awareness. In this paper, the OPA model previously developed to simulate power system blackouts is modified in order to include observability analysis through the progress of the cascading outages. The modified process is performed in turn for a given set of OPP schemes. To rank these schemes, a criterion is proposed as a monetary value using produced data by the modified OPA model. Scalability of the proposed procedure is investigated in two test systems. Simulations show that although considering N‐1 criterion in finding optimal PMU schemes decreases the consequences of transmission line cascading outages, it is not financially reasonable and does not lead to better performance of the OPP scheme. In other words, it is better to use OPP schemes in normal condition.

PMU‐based power system component monitoring scheme satisfying complete observability with multicriteria decision support

“…46,48 In that case, the reliability of the measurement cannot be assured. To remove a fault, most of the time, the faulty line or bus is removed from the system.…”

“…The removal of any line or bus leads to loss of connectivity within the associated buses. 46,48 In that case, the reliability of the measurement cannot be assured. Some of the measurements may not available at all during these contingencies.…”

Modified branch‐and‐bound algorithm for unravelling optimal PMU placement problem for power grid observability: A comparative analysis

“…Also, because OPPP is a combination optimization challenge, the authors have not shown several solutions. The author suggested a regular binary variant of the particle swarm optimization (BPSO) to identify the OPPP [24]. However, the traditional BPSO suffered from premature convergence and is stuck in local minima, particularly in complex combination problems.…”

“…OPPP solution for 57-bus system using DFS, GTP, SAM, RSNA, and MBBA ,7,9,15,19,21,24,27,30,32,36,38,39,41,46, 50, 52, 54 0.01 GTP 1 21 2, 4, 7, 9, 15, 16, 17, 19, 21, 24, 27, 30, 32, 36, 38, 39, 41, 46, 50, 52, 54 0.02 SAM 1 19 1, 4, 7, 9, 15, 19, 21, 24, 27, 30, 32, 36, 38, 39, 41, 46, 50, 52, 54 13.8 2 18 1, 4, 9, 13, 17, 19, 23, 27, 28, 30, 32, 39, 42, 44, 47, 50, 52, 54 15.3 3 18 1, 6, 12, 15, 16, 19, 23, 29, 30, 33, 34, 43, 44, 49, 50, 53, 55, 56 , 16, 17, 20, 25, 29, 32, 36, 41, 48, 51, 54 1.81 Abbreviations: DFS, depth-first search; GTP, graph-theoretic procedure; MBBA, modified branch-andbound algorithm; OPPP, optimal phasor measurement unit placement problem; PMU, phasor measurement unit; RSNA, recursive security N algorithm; SAM, simulated annealing method.…”

A critical review of methods for optimal placement of phasor measurement units

“…This is a rigorous research area and a number of conference and journal papers have been published on OPP in some important journals (Refer Figure 1) during the past few decades. A stochastic model‐based method was proposed to differentiate between OPP schemes, which helps in analyzing the effect of OPP in mitigating cascading outages during blackouts 2 …”