How often is genital yeast infection sexually transmitted?

Thin, R N; Leighton, Melinda E.; Dixon, Mike J.

doi:10.1136/bmj.2.6079.93

Cited by 35 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Thin et al [27] revealed that yeast infection was sexually acquired in ∼39% of episodes in women and in ∼29% of episodes in heterosexual men. Correlation of candidal infection between sexual partners has been observed [17].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Biased Genotype Distributions ofCandida albicansStrains Associated with Vulvovaginal Candidosis and Candidal Balanoposthitis in China

Fan

et al. 2008

CLIN INFECT DIS

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Biased Genotype Distributions ofCandida albicansStrains Associated with Vulvovaginal Candidosis and Candidal Balanoposthitis in China

Fan

et al. 2008

CLIN INFECT DIS

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“…Fungi can be isolated from vaginal cultures in 20± 40% of adult women 9 . Although a role for sexual transmission has not been con® rmed, it is possible that sexual contacts are involved in the natural history 10,11 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Vulvovaginal candidiasis in female sex workers

Otero¹,

Palacio²,

Carreño³

et al. 1998

Int J STD AIDS

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Vulvovaginal candidiasis is a frequent inflammatory process in women but it has not been widely studied in female sex workers (FSWs). To estimate the frequency of Candida species infection in FSWs and to identify related risk factors and clinical findings, we carried out a retrospective study of 1923 FSWs over 11 years. We also performed a prospective study of 163 consecutive FSWs with a history of candidiasis during a 4-year period. Candida species were isolated in 1967 samples (18.5% of the total). Candida albicans (89.3%) was the most frequent species, followed by Candida glabrata (2.7%), Candida parapsilosis (1.2%) and Saccharomyces cerevisiae (0.4%). In the prospective study of 163 patients, we found vaginal discharge in 76.1% of cases, soreness in 52.1% and vulval pruritus in 32.5%. We identified 12 patients (7.4%) with recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis. No statistical difference was found between recurrent vulvovaginitis and the use of oral contraceptives, oral sex, tight-fitting clothing and synthetic underwear. FSWs have the same prevalence of candidiasis as other groups of women described in published literature. The proportion of albicans and non-albicans species does not differ between women with recurrent and non-recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC).

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“…17,[34][35][36] However, treatment of male sexual partners has not been shown to prevent recurrence in women, 16 and yeast vaginitis occurs in women who are not sexually active. Sexual transmission is not a significant contributor to recurrent yeast vaginitis.…”

Section: Yeast Vaginitis Pathologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation and management of vaginitis

1998

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V aginitis is a common medical problem in women that is associated with substantial discomfort and frequent medical visits. Roughly 5 to 10 million office visits per year are attributed to vaginitis. 1 Research in recent years has increased our understanding of the disease process and its potential sequelae and resulted in improved diagnostic and treatment modalities. 2-6 Nevertheless, adequate diagnosis and treatment of vaginitis in the office setting often is problematic for practitioners. 2,5,7-9 Moreover, the availability of over-the-counter medications for fungal vaginitis has increased the likelihood that women will come to medical attention with partially or inadequately treated infections. 10 We will focus on the common infectious causes of vaginal discharge-yeast infection, bacterial vaginosis, and trichomonas infection, emphasizing new developments in diagnosis, associated complications, and treatment of these infections.The initial evaluation of vaginal discharge requires an understanding of physiologic vaginal discharge and what differentiates it from abnormal, pathologic discharge. Substances from the vulvar, sebaceous, sweat, Bartholin's and Skene's glands, as well as exfoliated cells, cervical mucus, and secretions of the endometrial cavity and fallopian tubes constitute the normal physiologic secretions of the vagina. These secretions pool in the posterior fornix and do not adhere to the vaginal walls. 11 The pH of normal vaginal secretions in women of childbearing age is between 3.8 and 4.5. The presence of sperm, blood, amniotic fluid, or cervical mucus raises the vaginal pH. 11 The amount and fluidity of the discharge can vary over the menstrual cycle. Cervical mucus becomes more fluid around ovulation, and women frequently mistake this change in consistency for an abnormal discharge. Stress increases the rate of vaginal desquamation and thus the amount of discharge, which patients can also mistake for a pathologic discharge. 12 Women generally do not have other symptoms if their discharge is physiologic.In contrast, a pathologic discharge adheres to the vaginal walls and is often accompanied by irritation, pruritus, odor, or urinary symptoms such as dysuria or frequency. 6 The discharge can be thick to watery and frothy, and white to yellow, gray, or green. 11 Causes of an abnormal discharge include infectious causes of vaginitis such as yeast infection, bacterial vaginosis, and trichomonas infection, as well as cervicitis and sexually transmitted diseases such as gonorrhea and chlamydia infection. Noninfectious etiologies include chemical irritants such

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How often is genital yeast infection sexually transmitted?

Abstract: SummaryWe analysed data from a computer-based bank of clinical records of patients seen in a clinic for sexually trans

Cited by 35 publications

References 3 publications

Biased Genotype Distributions ofCandida albicansStrains Associated with Vulvovaginal Candidosis and Candidal Balanoposthitis in China

Biased Genotype Distributions ofCandida albicansStrains Associated with Vulvovaginal Candidosis and Candidal Balanoposthitis in China

Vulvovaginal candidiasis in female sex workers

Evaluation and management of vaginitis

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