How nursing staff spend their time on activities in a nursing home: an observational study

Munyisia, Esther Naliaka; Yu, Ping; Hailey, David

doi:10.1111/j.1365-2648.2011.05633.x

Cited by 70 publications

(100 citation statements)

References 19 publications

(55 reference statements)

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“…Previous studies 6,15,18 only presented the total direct care time, which was consistent with the first point presented above, but did not address the other points. The present study has advanced knowledge by providing more detailed information about each direct care activity.…”

Section: Common Findings At Both Racfssupporting

confidence: 73%

“…25 Several previous studies in healthcare settings, including RACFs, have suggested that the Hawthorne effect is not significant in direct observation; 6,26,27 consequently, we did not measure it in the present study.…”

Section: Limitationsmentioning

confidence: 72%

“…They reported that 30%-45% of a PC's time was spent on direct care in RACFs. 6,15,18 However, none of these studies reported how much time was allocated to each direct care activity in high-care RACFs. This limits the understanding about the time needed for meeting different care needs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…5 In addition, this knowledge will set the baseline for examining the impact of any implemented change, 4 such as introduction of an electronic information system. [6][7][8] Furthermore, such details are important in informing public policy or managerial decision on staffing levels, 9 either for newly built aged care facilities or existing facilities in which resident case mix has changed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Time spent on daytime direct care activities by personal carers in two Australian residential aged care facilities: a time–motion study

Qian¹,

Yu²,

Hailey³

et al. 2014

Aust. Health Review

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Objective. To examine the time, frequency and duration of each direct care activity conducted by personal carers in Australian residential aged care homes. Methods. A time-motion study was conducted to observe 46 personal carers at two high-care houses in two facilities (14 days at Site 1 and 16 days at Site 2). Twenty-three direct care activities were classified into eight categories for analysis. Results. Overall, a personal carer spent approximately 45% of their time on direct care, corresponding to 3.5 h in an 8-h daytime shift. The two sites had similar ratios of personal carers to residents, and each resident received 30 min of direct care. No significant differences between the two sites were found in the time spent on oral communication, personal hygiene and continence activities. Personal carers at Site 1 spent significantly less time on toileting and mobility activities than those at Site 2, but more time on lunch activity. Although oral communication took the longest time (2 h), it occurred concurrently with other activities (e.g. dressing) for 1.5 h. Conclusions. The findings provide information that may assist decision makers in managing the operation of highcare residential aged care facilities, such as planning for task allocation and staffing. AbstractObjective. To examine the time, frequency and duration of each direct care activity conducted by personal carers in Australian residential aged care homes.Methods. A time-motion study was conducted to observe 46 personal carers at two highcare houses in two facilities (14 days at Site 1 and 16 days at Site 2). Twenty-three direct care activities were classified into eight categories for analysis.Results. Overall, a personal carer spent approximately 45% of their time on direct care, corresponding to 3.5 h in an 8-h daytime shift. The two sites had similar ratios of personal carers to residents, and each resident received 30 min of direct care. No significant differences between the two sites were found in the time spent on oral communication, personal hygiene and continence activities. Personal carers at Site 1 spent significantly less time on toileting and mobility activities than those at Site 2, but more time on lunch activity. Although oral communication took the longest time (2 h), it occurred concurrently with other activities (e.g. dressing) for 1.5 h.Conclusions. The findings provide information that may assist decision makers in managing the operation of high-care residential aged care facilities, such as planning for task allocation and staffing.

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Section: Common Findings At Both Racfssupporting

confidence: 73%

Section: Limitationsmentioning

confidence: 72%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Time spent on daytime direct care activities by personal carers in two Australian residential aged care facilities: a time–motion study

Qian¹,

Yu²,

Hailey³

et al. 2014

Aust. Health Review

Self Cite

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“…(12,13) The time spent with the displacement of staff (indirect assistance), demanded 65.3 hours of the total of 157.3 hours of timed home care. It is noteworthy that the service infrastructure needs to be revised, especially that related to transportation for transit of professionals.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tempo gasto por equipe multiprofissional em assistência domiciliar: subsídio para dimensionar pessoal

Bôas

Shimizu

2015

Acta paul. enferm.

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Objective: To analyze the time spent by the health multidisciplinary team assisting patients in home care. Methods: An exploratory descriptive study that included 214 patients. After defining the main procedures, they were timed by trained observers who collected the data in 2009 and 2010. In total, 245 home visits and 441 procedures were observed. Results: Among the procedures categorized as direct assistance, the highlight was the time spent by the nursing staff, of 30.2 hours, followed by physiotherapists with 11.9h, dieticians with 9.4h and physicians with 8.9h. Indirect care was represented by the displacement of staff and guidance to the caregiver, family and/or patient, which consumed 65.3 hours and 20.3h, respectively. Conclusion: The analysis of time spent in home care revealed the complexity of this model of care and the potentiality to subsidize the sizing of staff, as well as the reorganization of the service. ResumoObjetivo: Analisar o tempo gasto por equipe multiprofissional de saúde no cuidado aos pacientes em assistência domiciliar. Métodos: Estudo exploratório e descritivo, que incluiu 214 pacientes. Após a definição dos principais procedimentos, os mesmos foram cronometrados por observadores treinados, que coletaram os dados em 2009 e 2010. Houve a observação de 245 visitas domiciliares e 441 procedimentos. Resultados: Dos procedimentos categorizados como assistência direta, destacou-se o tempo gasto pela equipe de enfermagem que foi de 30,2h, seguido por 11,9h gastas pelo fisioterapeuta, 9,4h pelo nutricionista e 8,9h pelo médico; e como assistência indireta, representada pelo deslocamento da equipe e orientação ao cuidador, família e/ou paciente, verificou-se que foram gastas 65,3h e 20,3h, respectivamente. Conclusão: A análise do tempo gasto na assistência domiciliar revelou a complexidade desse modelo de atenção e a potencialidade para subsidiar o dimensionamento de pessoal, bem como a reorganização do serviço.

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Capacity constraints and time allocation in public health clinics

2020

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Unlike in the production of most goods, changes in capacity for labor-intensive services only affect outcomes of interest insofar as service providers change the way they allocate their time in response to those capacity changes. In this paper, we examine how public sector service providers respond to unexpected capacity constraints in the specific context of public health clinics. We exploit an exogenous reduction in public health clinic capacity to quantify the trade-off between patients treated and time spent with each patient, which we treat as a proxy for a quality versus quantity decision. We provide evidence that these small and generally insignificant effects on nurse time favor public sector employees prioritizing quality of each interaction over clearing the patient queue.

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How nursing staff spend their time on activities in a nursing home: an observational study

Cited by 70 publications

References 19 publications

Time spent on daytime direct care activities by personal carers in two Australian residential aged care facilities: a time–motion study

Time spent on daytime direct care activities by personal carers in two Australian residential aged care facilities: a time–motion study

Tempo gasto por equipe multiprofissional em assistência domiciliar: subsídio para dimensionar pessoal

Capacity constraints and time allocation in public health clinics

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